Workshop: Improving Inference in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology-Charlottesville, Virginia; November 12-13, 2015

研讨会:改进进化生物学和生态学的推理-夏洛茨维尔,弗吉尼亚州;

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1548207
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 3万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2015-07-15 至 2016-06-30
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

A hallmark of effective science is reproducible results. If a result cannot be reproduced, it cannot be considered a robust scientific finding. Unfortunately, obstacles often slow progress towards these robust, reproducible observations in ecology and evolutionary biology as well as in many other disciplines. Scientists are rewarded for publicizing exciting results, but scientists have much less incentive to publish unexciting results or to test the reproducibility of previously published findings. Scientists therefore often search their data for the most exciting findings that will allow them to publish in the most prestigious journals, and they often do not invest in seeking to publish their full set of results. This and various related practices leads to an inflated rate of published false positives - results that are the outcome of chance rather than real biological phenomena. Because attempts to replicate prior findings are often rare, the error of these false positives often goes unrecognized for long periods. Even when replications exist, drawing conclusions from them is hindered by a lack of standards to promote effective syntheses across studies. Reducing bias and promoting replication and effective synthesis will require changing the institutions that control the incentives currently guiding scientists' decisions. One of the major classes of institutions shaping incentives is scientific journals. Journals in some disciplines, such as psychology and neuroscience, have begun introducing innovative editorial policies to reduce bias and facilitate replication. Now ecologists and evolutionary biologists are seeking to develop ideas appropriate for their own disciplines. This project is a workshop in which prominent journal editors in ecology and evolutionary biology will join with researchers interested in improving scientific inference to develop incentive structures in these disciplines that will reduce false positive rates, promote replication, and facilitate research synthesis. By the end of the workshop, the organizers hope to have drafts of editorial policy templates and other ideas for shaping incentive structures that make sense for these disciplines. The organizers also hope that journal editors and others will then implement policies that are right for their disciplines and journals, and that the discussions that follow in the wake of these initial policy implementations will promote more widespread adoptions of policies that improve empirical progress in their disciplines.
有效科学的一个标志是可重复的结果。如果一个结果不能被复制,它就不能被认为是一个可靠的科学发现。不幸的是,在生态学和进化生物学以及许多其他学科中,障碍往往会减缓这些强大的、可重复的观察的进展。科学家因公布令人兴奋的结果而获得奖励,但科学家发表不令人兴奋的结果或测试先前发表的发现的可重复性的动机要少得多。因此,科学家们经常在数据中寻找最令人兴奋的发现,以便在最负盛名的期刊上发表,他们通常不会投资于寻求发表全套结果。这种做法和各种相关的做法导致了公布的假阳性率的膨胀--这些结果是偶然的结果,而不是真实的生物现象。由于复制先前发现的尝试通常很少,因此这些假阳性的错误通常会在很长一段时间内无法识别。即使存在重复,但由于缺乏标准来促进跨研究的有效综合,因此无法从中得出结论。减少偏见、促进复制和有效综合需要改变目前控制科学家决策的激励机制的机构。形成激励机制的主要机构之一是科学期刊。一些学科的期刊,如心理学和神经科学,已经开始引入创新的编辑政策,以减少偏见和促进复制。现在,生态学家和进化生物学家正在寻求发展适合他们自己学科的思想。该项目是一个研讨会,在生态学和进化生物学领域的杰出期刊编辑将与有兴趣改善科学推理的研究人员一起,在这些学科中开发激励结构,以降低假阳性率,促进复制,并促进研究综合。在研讨会结束时,组织者希望能够起草编辑政策模板和其他想法,以塑造对这些学科有意义的激励结构。组织者还希望期刊编辑和其他人随后将实施适合其学科和期刊的政策,并且在这些初步政策实施之后进行的讨论将促进更广泛地采用改善其学科经验进展的政策。

项目成果

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Timothy Parker其他文献

The Effect of Hypoxia and Hyperoxia on Growth and Expression of Hypoxia-Related Genes and Proteins in Spotted Gar Lepisosteus oculatus Larvae and Juveniles.
缺氧和高氧对斑雀鱼幼鱼生长及缺氧相关基因和蛋白表达的影响。
Small bowel edema: Mosaic pattern
  • DOI:
    10.1007/bf01889064
  • 发表时间:
    1988-12-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.200
  • 作者:
    Michael Davis;Michael Siegel;Timothy Parker;Gwendolyn S. Davis
  • 通讯作者:
    Gwendolyn S. Davis
Moral Planning Agents with LTL Values
具有 LTL 价值观的道德规划代理人
  • DOI:
    10.24963/ijcai.2023/47
  • 发表时间:
    2023
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Umberto Grandi;E. Lorini;Timothy Parker
  • 通讯作者:
    Timothy Parker
Explanations of a Violent Relationship: The Male Perpetrator’s Perspective
对暴力关系的解释:男性施暴者的视角
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s10896-014-9582-9
  • 发表时间:
    2014
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.8
  • 作者:
    J. Whiting;Timothy Parker;Austin Houghtaling
  • 通讯作者:
    Austin Houghtaling

Timothy Parker的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Timothy Parker', 18)}}的其他基金

International Research Fellowship Program: Information Content and Signal Function of Song and Bright Plumage in a Wild Bird
国际研究奖学金计划:野鸟鸣声和明亮羽毛的信息内容和信号功能
  • 批准号:
    0202704
  • 财政年份:
    2003
  • 资助金额:
    $ 3万
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship Award

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