EAGER: Renewables: Game-Theoretic Methods for Analysis and Design of Distributed Renewable-Based Energy Resources in Smart Grids

该项目考虑如何为可再生能源渗透率较高的电网设计电价。所考虑的情景包括电价波动和独立发电商可获得蓄电池等储能设备。使用当地电池等存储设备，可再生能源不需要立即将其产生的能量出售给电网，但可以与系统博弈，以实现预期效益的最大化。该项目从这一观察开始，并给出了一个有趣的分布式可再生发电管理游戏的基本原理。这一概念是新颖的，可以对可再生发电水平较高的电网的电力市场设计产生重大影响。将博弈论思想应用到可再生能源发电日益增多的电网定价模型中是一个令人兴奋的课题，也可以作为其他应用的优秀教育和研究范例。该框架还使政策制定者能够预测跨层系统行为，并为电力行业的新兴范例制定相关的定价和监管政策。调查人员将研究电力市场针对高水平可再生发电的可能博弈公式。博弈论中的机制设计思想将被用来打造一种定价结构，这种结构自然会导致理想的社会均衡。该项目使来自不同研究领域的两名高级研究人员能够密切合作，探索智能电网中分布式发电电力定价的科学基础。开发的框架将把最优潮流问题扩展到分布式框架中，自然地捕获地理上分散的和异质分布式可再生能源的分布式控制和管理。该项目将创造超越电力系统现有框架的知识，并在电网的经济层、控制层和设备层之间架起桥梁。该项目包括三个连贯的研究任务，概括如下：(1)建立具有高水平分布式可再生能源发电的智能电网的博弈论模型，并开发分析工具以了解其对现有集中式发电的影响。(2)发展机制设计理论来设计定价机制和可再生资源的渗透水平，以实现由集中式和分布式发电组成的高效和有弹性的混合电网。(3)利用曼哈顿的分布式发电网络构建软件工具和案例研究，为设想的框架提供可公开访问的基准，并验证博弈论系统设计。

The project considers how to design electricity pricing for the electric grid with high penetration of renewable energy sources. The scenario considered includes fluctuating electricity prices and availability of energy storing devices such as batteries to independent power producers. Using storage devices such as locally situated batteries, renewable generation sources need not sell their produced energy into the grid immediately, but can game the system to maximize an expected benefit. The project begins with this observation, and gives the fundamentals of an interesting formulation of the management of distributed renewable electricity generation as a game. The concept is novel and can lead to significant impact on the design of electricity markets for power grids with high levels of renewable generation. Application of game theoretic ideas to the pricing models for power grid with increasing presence of renewable generation is an exciting topic that can serve as an outstanding educational and research example for other applications as well. The framework can also enable policy makers to predict the cross-layer system behaviors and develop associated pricing and regulation policies for emerging paradigms in the power industry.The investigators will study possible gaming formulations of electricity markets for high levels of renewable generation. Mechanism design ideas from game theory will be used to forge a pricing structure that will naturally lead to a desirable social equilibrium. The project enables a close collaboration between two senior investigators from different research domains to explore the scientific foundations of pricing of electricity with distributed generation in smart grids. The developed framework will extend the optimal power flow problems into a distributed framework that naturally captures the distributed control and management of geographically dispersed and heterogeneous distributed renewable sources. The project will create knowledge beyond the existing frameworks of power systems, and bridge the economic, control, and device layers of the power grid. The project consists of three coherent researchtasks that are summarized as follows: (1) Establishing game-theoretic models for smart grids with high levels of distributed generation from renewable sources, and developing analytical tools to understand their impact on existing centralized generation. (2) Developing a mechanism design theory to design pricing mechanisms and the penetration levels of renewable resources to achieve an efficient and resilient hybrid power grid that consists of both centralized and distributed generation. (3) Building software tools and case studies using the distributed generation networks in Manhattan to provide publicly accessible benchmarks for the envisioned framework and validate the game-theoretic system designs.