Dynamics and Kinematics of the Monsoon Anticyclones

亚洲季风是地球上最重要的天气和气候系统之一。在夏季，来自热带海洋的温暖潮湿的空气移动到亚洲大陆的南部和东部。这就导致了对流风暴，为这个拥有数十亿人口的地区提供了至关重要的降水和供水。北美存在类似但较弱的季风环流。季风风暴还将水和人为产生的污染物输送到高海拔地区。这些污染物会对大气的化学成分产生重大影响，包括平流层的臭氧层，而平流层保护生物免受有害的太阳辐射。利用计算机模拟和大气观测，这项研究将调查造成亚洲和北美季风的物理过程，以及它们如何将地球表面附近的污染物输送到整个大气中。季风直接影响着全球数十亿人，并对地球气候和大气成分产生重要的间接影响。大气环流和成分的变化有可能破坏全球的自然、经济、社会和政治体系。通过提高我们对季风环流的物理过程的理解，这项研究将促进我们对当前气候的理解，并减少对未来气候变化预测的不确定性。这将为社会和经济政策制定者提供更好的指导。此外，该项目将培养研究生在科学和相关领域的职业生涯。

The Asian monsoon is one of the most important weather and climate systems on Earth. During the summer, warm moist air from the tropical oceans moves onto the southern and eastern parts of the Asian continent. This leads to convective storms, which provide critical precipitation and water supplies for a region that is home to several billion people. A similar but weaker monsoon circulation exists over North America. Monsoon storms also transport water and human-produced pollutants to great altitudes. These pollutants can have major effects on the chemistry of the atmosphere, including the stratospheric ozone layer, which protects living things from harmful solar radiation. Using computer simulations and atmospheric observations, this research will investigate the physical processes responsible for the Asian and North American monsoons and how they transport pollutants from near the Earth's surface throughout the atmosphere.The monsoons directly affect billions of people around the globe and have important indirect effects on the Earth's climate and the composition of the atmosphere. Changes in the circulation and composition of the atmosphere have the potential to disrupt physical, economic, social, and political systems around the globe. By improving our understanding of the physical processes responsible for the monsoon circulations, this study will advance our understanding of the present climate and reduce uncertainties in predictions of future climate change. This will lead to better guidance for social and economic policymakers. In addition, this project will train graduate students for careers in science and related fields.