COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: EAGER-NEON: Prototyping Assessment of Ecoclimate Teleconnections Affecting NEON Domains

合作研究：EAGER-NEON：影响 NEON 域的生态气候遥相关的原型评估

• 批准号: 1550756
• 负责人: David Breshears
• 金额: $ 11.39万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-01 至 2020-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1550756&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; EAGER; NEON; Prototyping

Tree mortality is becoming increasingly widespread throughout the U.S. as a function of increasing temperature and drought. Large-scale tree die-off can feedback to affect climate through changes in water balance and surface reflectance (albedo). This project will use the Airborne Observation Platform (AOP) of the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) to study the effects of tree mortality on local climate, and link this information to earth system models to study "teleconnections" in which ecological changes in one area influence climate and associated ecological responses in another. The project will develop the first large-scale assessment of forest vulnerability to drought-induced tree mortality based on species-specific temperature response functions determined in previous experiments. These results will be combined with analysis of vegetation structure from NEON AOP data and modeling of climatic feedbacks. This activity will provide a prototype for a new approach to continental-scale science capable of quantifying ecoclimate teleconnections and risks of tree die-off across NEON Domains and which can be broadly applied to other major types of land transformation.The project will synthesize pre-existing climate and remotely sensed (LiDAR and hyperspectral) observations relating surface properties to fluxes (albedo, latent heat fluxes) to estimate how the changes in vegetation force the atmosphere. This information will be used to evaluate how this forcing impacts other NEON Domains through ecoclimate teleconnections. The approach initially focuses on forest die-off as a rapid ecological change with direct linkages to climate signals. It will develop the first large-scale assessment of drought-induced tree mortality based on experimentally determined temperature sensitivities, and will improve constraints on ecoclimate teleconnection predictions through incorporation of NEON AOP data. Deliverables include 1) a current assessment of the likelihood and magnitude of die-off by Domain; 2) quantification of impacts of tree die-off in one Domain on others via ecoclimate teleconnections using model experiments; and 3) estimation of associated Domain by Domain risks of die-off impacts from a given Domain. The project also provides professional development for post-docs and early career scientist and has a broad outreach component through an art-science collaboration and seminars at the Biosphere 2 that reach 100,000 visitors/year.

由于气温升高和干旱，树木死亡率在美国越来越普遍。 大规模的树木死亡可以通过水平衡和地表反射率的变化反馈影响气候。 该项目将利用国家生态观测网（氖）的空中观测平台（AOP）研究树木死亡对当地气候的影响，并将这一信息与地球系统模型联系起来，研究“遥相关”，即一个地区的生态变化影响另一个地区的气候和相关的生态反应。 该项目将根据以往实验中确定的具体物种的温度反应函数，首次大规模评估森林对干旱引起的树木死亡的脆弱性。 这些结果将与植被结构分析氖AOP数据和气候反馈模型相结合。 这一活动将为大陆尺度科学的新方法提供一个原型，该方法能够量化生态气候遥相关和氖域树木死亡的风险，并可广泛应用于其他主要类型的土地改造。（激光雷达和高光谱）观测将地表特性与通量（潜热通量）联系起来，以估计植被的变化如何影响大气。 这些信息将被用来评估如何迫使影响其他氖域通过生态气候遥相关。该方法最初侧重于森林死亡，将其视为与气候信号有直接联系的快速生态变化。它将根据实验确定的温度敏感性开发第一个对干旱引起的树木死亡率的大规模评估，并将通过纳入氖奥普数据来改善对生态气候遥相关预测的约束。这些数据包括：1）按域对树木死亡的可能性和程度进行的当前评估; 2）使用模型实验通过生态气候遥相关来量化一个域中树木死亡对其他域的影响;以及3）对给定域中树木死亡影响的相关域风险进行估计。该项目还为博士后和早期职业科学家提供专业发展，并通过艺术-科学合作和生物圈2号的研讨会进行广泛的宣传，每年有100 000名游客。