Collaborative Research: Normal and pathological covariation in the masticatory apparatus of anthropoid primates

合作研究：类人灵长类咀嚼器官的正常和病理协变

• 批准号: 1551722
• 负责人: Claire Kirchhoff
• 金额: $ 2.2万
• 依托单位: Marquette University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-01 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1551722&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Normal; pathological; covariation

The investigators will study skull and jaw anatomy in primates, to better understand how the anatomical components of the chewing system (teeth, jaws, and related joints) work together and how these components are affected by aging and pathological changes. Although the components of the masticatory (chewing) system are known to work together as a unit, previous analyses of this system have typically examined specific components in isolation from the rest of the anatomy, providing an incomplete picture of anatomical interrelationships. This project will address how the different anatomical components are correlated with each other across the entire masticatory system, in the context of changes that may occur during the lifetime of an individual, such as normal and pathological dental wear, and normal and abnormal (e.g. arthritis) changes in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) shape. Quantifying anatomical correlations using three-dimensional modeling in the dentition and TMJ will allow for new interpretations of the skeletal masticatory system and an improved understanding of the evolutionary pressures associated with different feeding behaviors and diets across primates. Determining whether TMJ pathology covaries with dental wear and pathology in multiple non-human species will provide an evolutionary context for dental and TMJ disorders that are very common in humans. The broader impacts of this research include encouraging gender and ethnic diversity in science by providing research opportunities for undergraduate students at universities that primarily educate first generation college and minority students; supporting the research of three early career female scientists; training a postdoctoral researcher in advanced techniques for capturing and analyzing shape variation; building a large database of 3D data that will be available to both anthropological and biomedical researchers and that may inform clinical studies of dental problems in humans; and conducting community outreach that will further disseminate the results of this investigation and help generate public interest in STEM research. Because changes in diet and subsistence patterns often lie at the root of major evolutionary shifts, documenting and understanding the adaptive significance of the masticatory system during human evolution, as well as across living primates, has been a major goal of functional morphological studies in biological anthropology. The masticatory system acts as a single functional unit, such that perturbations in one portion of this system may affect other regions of anatomy; thus, age-related changes and pathological conditions of the masticatory apparatus are likely to be multifactorial and affect the entire system. Through a detailed assessment of dental and TMJ morphology and covariance between the dentition and the TMJ, this study examines both normal and pathological dental wear and TMJ remodeling in 16 anthropoid primate taxa, including humans. The specific aims include testing for covariation between the maxillary and mandibular teeth, the cranial and mandibular components of the TMJ, the teeth and TMJ, and dental and TMJ pathologies. Shape variation in the dentition and TMJ will be quantified using advanced morphometric techniques, including 3D landmark and surface data. Specimens will be assessed for pathology using published criteria for antemortem tooth loss, tooth wear, pulp cavity exposure, and TMJ osteoarthritis. By determining whether TMJ pathology covaries with dental wear and pathology in humans and non-human primates, this research will provide an evolutionary context for the evolution of primate feeding behaviors and of TMJ disorders in humans. The research has public health relevance, given the high prevalence of antemortem tooth loss and TMJ disorders in modern human populations. The resulting data and analyses will be relevant to a variety of fields including public health, dentistry, biomechanics/kinematics, feeding ecology, functional morphology, and mammalian evolution.

研究人员将研究灵长类动物的头骨和颌骨解剖学，以更好地了解咀嚼系统的解剖学组成部分（牙齿，颌骨和相关关节）如何共同工作，以及这些组成部分如何受到衰老和病理变化的影响。虽然咀嚼（咀嚼）系统的组成部分是已知的一起工作作为一个单元，该系统的以前的分析通常检查特定的组成部分，从解剖结构的其余部分隔离，提供了一个不完整的图片解剖学的相互关系。该项目将解决不同的解剖组件是如何在整个咀嚼系统中相互关联的，在个体一生中可能发生的变化的背景下，例如正常和病理性牙齿磨损，以及颞下颌关节（TMJ）形状的正常和异常（例如关节炎）变化。在齿系和颞下颌关节中使用三维建模量化解剖相关性将允许对骨骼咀嚼系统进行新的解释，并更好地理解与灵长类动物不同进食行为和饮食相关的进化压力。确定TMJ病理学是否与多个非人类物种的牙齿磨损和病理学相关，将为人类中非常常见的牙齿和TMJ疾病提供进化背景。这项研究的更广泛影响包括鼓励科学领域的性别和种族多样性，为主要教育第一代大学生和少数民族学生的大学的本科生提供研究机会;支持三名早期职业女性科学家的研究;培训一名博士后研究员掌握捕捉和分析形状变化的先进技术;建立一个大型的3D数据库，供人类学和生物医学研究人员使用，并为人类牙齿问题的临床研究提供信息;开展社区外展活动，进一步传播这项调查的结果，并帮助激发公众对STEM研究的兴趣。由于饮食和生存模式的变化往往是主要进化转变的根源，记录和理解人类进化过程中咀嚼系统的适应意义，以及在生活的灵长类动物中，一直是生物人类学功能形态学研究的主要目标。咀嚼系统作为一个单一的功能单元，使得该系统的一部分的扰动可能会影响解剖结构的其他区域;因此，咀嚼器的年龄相关变化和病理状况可能是多因素的，并影响整个系统。通过详细评估牙齿和颞下颌关节的形态和牙列和颞下颌关节之间的协方差，本研究探讨了正常和病理性牙齿磨损和颞下颌关节重塑在16个灵长类动物类群，包括人类。具体目标包括测试上颌和下颌牙齿之间的协变，颞下颌关节的颅骨和下颌组成部分，牙齿和颞下颌关节，以及牙齿和颞下颌关节病理。将使用先进的形态测量技术（包括3D地标和表面数据）量化牙列和TMJ的形状变化。将使用已发表的生前牙齿缺失、牙齿磨损、髓腔暴露和TMJ骨关节炎标准评估样本的病理学。通过确定TMJ病理学是否与人类和非人类灵长类动物的牙齿磨损和病理学相关，本研究将为灵长类动物进食行为和人类TMJ疾病的进化提供进化背景。鉴于现代人群中死前牙齿脱落和TMJ疾病的高患病率，该研究具有公共卫生相关性。由此产生的数据和分析将涉及各种领域，包括公共卫生，牙科，生物力学/运动学，饲养生态学，功能形态学和哺乳动物进化。