A Study in Arctic Alaska of Relations between Cold War Bio-medicine, Indigenous Politics, and Circumpolar Health

阿拉斯加北极地区冷战生物医学、原住民政治和极地健康之间关系的研究

• 批准号: 1556710
• 负责人: Naomi Rogers
• 金额: $ 1.28万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-04-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1556710&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Study; Arctic; Alaska; Relations; between

General Audience Summary In this project, the researcher will peruse Alaskan archival collections and conduct interviews at the Inupiat Heritage Center in Barrow to study the emergence of circumpolar health. The need to understand circumpolar health, meaning how the Arctic environment impacted human bodies and minds, came about as Cold War tensions rose in the United States, which resulted in Alaska taking on a new strategic importance. From its inception, circumpolar health was entangled in the processes of American colonialism in Alaska and was instrumental in generating sustained scientific interest in Alaska Native peoples. It also became a site from which Alaska Native peoples made claims for autonomy, articulated their health demands, and critiqued the policies of the American state. The researcher will share the results of this study at academic conferences and in peer-reviewed historical journals. The project will culminate in the publication of a book with an academic press. Any oral histories produced over the course of this research are to be donated to an appropriate library collection and thereby contribute to the broader aim of increasing the representation of Native Alaskan voices in the Alaskan archival record.Technical Summary This project will explain the construction of circumpolar health through three key periods, during the early Cold War, the 1960s and 1970s when the U.S. government began to rapidly expand Alaska's public health infrastructure, and in the 1980s when Alaskan circumpolar health movement became institutionalized locally through academic institutions and scientific organizations. At each stage, the researcher will consider how the imperatives of Cold War politics, the aims of biomedicine, and the priorities of Alaska Native peoples interacted to shape the development of circumpolar health. The study builds upon work in the history of Cold War science that have shown how science and technology became tools for militarizing and industrializing Arctic regions during the Cold War. It adopts an innovative approach. By contrast with existing histories, it focuses on Native Alaskans' agency as Cold War historical actors and traces their role in altering the power dynamics of circumpolar health research over time. It situates Alaska as a site where Cold War biomedical knowledge was actually produced, beginning as knowledge made about the Arctic, and transitioning to knowledge made in the Arctic. The project will also reflect on the ways that historical antecedents have shaped the ethics and practice of contemporary Arctic biomedical research.

在这个项目中，研究人员将仔细阅读阿拉斯加的档案收藏，并在巴罗的因纽特人遗产中心进行采访，以研究极地健康的出现。了解环极健康的必要性，即北极环境如何影响人类的身体和思想，是随着冷战紧张局势在美国的加剧而出现的，这导致阿拉斯加具有新的战略重要性。从一开始，环极健康就与美国在阿拉斯加的殖民主义进程纠缠在一起，并有助于对阿拉斯加土著人民产生持续的科学兴趣。它也成为阿拉斯加原住民提出自治要求的地方，表达他们的健康需求，并批评美国国家的政策。研究人员将在学术会议和同行评审的历史期刊上分享这项研究的结果。该项目最终将与学术出版社合作出版一本书。在本研究过程中产生的任何口述历史都将捐赠给适当的图书馆收藏，从而有助于更广泛的目标，即增加阿拉斯加档案记录中土著阿拉斯加人声音的代表性。技术摘要本项目将通过三个关键时期解释环极地健康的建设，在冷战早期，20世纪60年代和70年代，美国政府开始迅速扩大阿拉斯加的公共卫生基础设施，20世纪80年代，阿拉斯加环极地卫生运动通过学术机构和科学组织在当地制度化。在每个阶段，研究人员将考虑如何冷战政治的必要性，生物医学的目标，以及阿拉斯加原住民的优先事项相互作用，以塑造环极健康的发展。这项研究建立在冷战科学史的基础上，这些科学史表明科学和技术如何成为冷战期间北极地区军事化和工业化的工具。它采用了一种创新的方法。与现有的历史相比，它侧重于阿拉斯加原住民作为冷战历史参与者的机构，并追踪他们在改变极地健康研究的权力动态方面的作用。它将阿拉斯加定位为冷战生物医学知识实际产生的地点，开始是关于北极的知识，并过渡到北极的知识。该项目还将反思历史先例塑造当代北极生物医学研究的伦理和实践的方式。