Collaborative Research: Hydrodynamic and Muscular Mechanical Investigation of Maneuverability in Cephalopods throughout Ontogeny

合作研究：头足类动物整个个体发育过程中机动性的水动力和肌肉力学研究

• 批准号: 1557838
• 负责人: Joseph Thompson
• 金额: $ 27.3万
• 依托单位: Franklin and Marshall College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1557838&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Hydrodynamic; Muscular; Mechanical

Squids and cuttlefishes are impressive swimmers, having the ability to hover, change direction rapidly, and even swim forward and backward with ease. The key to their locomotive prowess is coordination among their pulsed jet, flapping fins, and flexible arms, but little is presently known about how these units work together throughout these animals' lives as they encounter different physical environments, change developmentally, and experience dissimilar ecosystems. This project focuses on understanding how the jet, fins, and arms operate in concert to produce the necessary forces for exceptional turning, both in terms of muscle capabilities and hydrodynamics, in squid and cuttlefish of different developmental stages (hatchlings to adults). This work will involve cutting edge 3D flow visualization approaches, high-speed video analysis, and advanced mathematical tools that highlight the essential components of high-performance turns. This project promises to (1) advance our understanding of how highly maneuverable marine animals navigate through their complex habitats and (2) reveal key performance characteristics, structures, and behaviors that can be integrated potentially into the design of mechanical bio-inspired systems, such as autonomous underwater vehicles, to improve their turning/docking capabilities. This project incorporates a number of outreach projects, including demonstrations in local schools, participation in robotics competitions, development of web-based tutorials and summer camps, and presentations at aquariums and museums. Maneuvering in the aquatic environment is a significant component of routine swimming, with proficient maneuvering being essential for predator avoidance, prey capture, and navigation. Despite its importance, understanding of the biomechanics of maneuvering behaviors is limited. An investigation of maneuvering performance in three morphologically distinct species of cephalopods is proposed here. The investigation explores three broad questions: (1) how are the fins, arms, and funnel-jet complex used in concert to maximize turning performance in adult cephalopods; (2) do the relative importance of turning rate and turning radius change over ontogeny and are fewer turning modes observed in young cephalopods; and (3) do fin, arm, and funnel musculoskeletal mechanics change over ontogeny and are such changes associated with differences in maneuvering? These questions will be addressed by collecting measurements of 3D high-speed kinematics and 2D/3D hydrodynamics of wake flows; performing mathematical analyses to quantitatively identify and categorize turning patterns; and measuring both the dynamic passive and active length-force relationship and maximum shortening velocity of muscle fibers that drive the movements used during turning and jet vectoring. The proposed work will: (1) provide data on how an ecologically important marine animal coordinates its novel dual-mode system (jet and fins) and arms to achieve high turning performance, (2) highlight the essential kinematic and hydrodynamic elements of turns, (3) offer insights into how maneuvering capabilities change over a broad ontogenetic range, and (4) provide novel data on the muscle properties of muscular hydrostatic organs and their role in turning.

鱿鱼和墨鱼是令人印象深刻的游泳者，具有悬停，迅速改变方向，甚至轻松向前游泳的能力。 他们的机车能力的关键是在脉冲喷气机，拍打鳍和柔性的手臂之间进行协调，但目前对这些单位在这些动物的生活中如何共同工作时，在遇到不同的物理环境中如何共同工作，在开发中发生变化并体验不同的生态系统。该项目的重点是了解喷气机，鳍和武器如何共同运行，以在肌肉能力和流体动力学，在不同发育阶段（成人孵化）的鱿鱼和墨水中产生必要的力量。 这项工作将涉及前沿3D流动可视化方法，高速视频分析以及高级数学工具，这些工具突出了高性能转弯的基本组成部分。 该项目承诺（1）提高我们对高度机动的海洋动物如何在其复杂的栖息地中导航的理解，以及（2）揭示可以将可能将可能集成到机械生物启发的系统的设计中，例如自动含水汽车工具等机械生物启发的系统的设计，以提高其转向/存放能力。 该项目结合了许多外展项目，包括在当地学校的示威，参加机器人竞赛，基于网络的教程和夏令营的开发以及在水族馆和博物馆的演讲。在水生环境中进行操作是常规游泳的重要组成部分，熟练的机动对于避免捕食者，捕食和导航至关重要。 尽管它很重要，但对机动行为的生物力学的理解是有限的。 这里提出了对三种形态上不同种类的头足动物的操纵性能的研究。 该调查探讨了三个广泛的问题：（1）如何共同使用鳍，武器和漏斗式复合体，以最大程度地提高成人头足类动物的转弯性能； （2）在年轻头足类动物中观察到的转弯速率和转弯半径变化的相对重要性和变化的变化较少； （3）鳍，手臂和漏斗肌肉骨骼力学会改变因个体发育而改变，并且这种变化是否与操纵的差异有关？这些问题将通过收集3D高速运动学和尾流2D/3D流体动力学的测量来解决。进行数学分析以定量识别和分类转弯模式；并测量动态的被动和主动长度关系以及肌肉纤维的最大缩短速度，这些肌肉纤维可以驱动转弯和射流矢量过程中使用的运动。 拟议的工作将：（1）提供有关在生态上重要的海洋动物如何协调其新颖的双模式系统（喷气和鳍）和武器以实现高转弯性能的数据，（2）突出旋转的必不可少的运动和流体动力元素（3）提供了对操作范围内部范围内部范围内的范围内部范围内部和（4）的录音的见解（3）。以及它们在转弯中的作用。