Collaborative Research: IOS:RUI: Hydrodynamic consequences of spines on zooplankton: Functional morphology of horns and tails on barnacle nauplii

合作研究：IOS：RUI：刺对浮游动物的水动力影响：藤壶无节幼体角和尾的功能形态

• 批准号: 2136018
• 负责人: Kit Yu Karen Chan
• 金额: $ 52.74万
• 依托单位: Swarthmore College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-05-01 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2136018&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; IOS; RUI; Hydrodynamic

Zooplankton, small animals that drift with ocean currents, are critical links in marine food webs. Many different types of zooplankton have elongated spines, horns, or hairs. These structures are thought of as predator deterrents or sensory antennae. This project examines other ecologically important functions that spines might impact: feeding, swimming, sinking, and dislodgement from surfaces. These functions depend on how animals interact with the water around them. This study investigates how spines work to alter the movement of the surrounding water and how that water movement varies in the early development of the “nauplius” larval stage of different species of barnacles. Barnacles are a type of crustacean, a group that includes the commercially important crabs, shrimp, and lobsters. Since all crustaceans have a nauplius larval stage, this research will shed light on how this common body form operates, providing information about functional tradeoffs between different behaviors and body shapes. This project -- a collaboration between a small, liberal arts undergraduate college and a big research university -- brings together students and faculty from both to conduct the research and to train undergraduates. In addition, this project crosses disciplinary boundaries between biology and engineering, so students from different fields will learn how to communicate and collaborate. Principles discovered from this study can inform bio-inspired design of aquatic microrobots. The types of experiments designed will also be used to develop new science curricula. Diverse zooplankters bear spines with functions that are poorly understood. This study of the hydrodynamics of different species of barnacle larvae will determine (1) functional consequences of the presence, location, and morphology of spines on hydrodynamic forces and torques; (2) functional consequences of spines and appendage kinematics on the forces and torques generated, and on swimming, sinking, and feeding performance; and (3) hydrodynamic consequences of the change in body design from the planktonic nauplius to the settling cyprid form. Kinematics and flow fields of larvae with distinctive morphologies and ecology are measured using micro-videography and high-speed particle image velocimetry. This comparative study on live organisms is coupled with experiments using dynamically scaled physical models to determine mechanisms by which specific features control forces and torques on, and flow fields around, larvae. Physical models allow parameters – spine size and shape; body size and shape; limb morphology; and kinematics -- to be varied in ways not possible with living organisms. In addition to elucidating general principles about the hydrodynamic consequences of spines at the poorly understood size and speed range of zooplankton – the domain of intermediate Reynolds numbers -- the project will advance understanding of how tradeoffs between ecological functions impose biomechanical constraints that can shape the evolution of form. Collaboration between a PUI college and R1 university integrates research and undergraduate education at both. The question-driven, experience-based learning approach involves research teams of undergraduates from physical and biological sciences to develop their skills at interdisciplinary collaboration. Novel interdisciplinary course materials will be developed with context-rich modules for teaching quantitative skills.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

浮游动物是洋流漂移的小动物，是海洋食品网的关键联系。许多不同类型的浮游动物具有细长的刺，角或头发。这些结构被认为是捕食者的决定剂或感觉触角。该项目研究了刺可能影响的其他生态重要功能：喂食，游泳，下沉和披露表面。这些功能取决于动物如何与周围的水相互作用。这项研究调查了刺是如何改变周围水的运动，以及该水运动如何在不同种类的藤壶的“ Nauplius”幼虫阶段的早期发育中变化。藤壶是一种甲壳类动物，包括商业上重要的螃蟹，虾和龙虾。由于所有Crusceans都有Nauplius幼虫阶段，因此这项研究将阐明这种常见的身体形式如何运作，提供有关不同行为和身体形状之间功能折衷的信息。这个项目 - 一所小型文科本科学院与一所大型研究大学之间的合作 - 将学生和教职员工召集在一起，进行研究并培训本科生。此外，该项目跨越了生物学和工程学之间的纪律界限，因此来自不同领域的学生将学习如何进行交流和协作。从这项研究中发现的原则可以为水生微型机器人的生物启发设计提供信息。设计的实验类型也将用于开发新的科学课程。多样化的浮游动物带有刺具有知名度不佳的功能。这项研究不同种类的藤壶幼虫的流体动力学将确定（1）棘突对流体动力和扭矩的存在，位置和形态的功能后果； （2）刺和附属运动学对产生的力和扭矩以及游泳，下沉和进食性能的功能后果； （3）身体设计从浮游生物Nauplius到设置Cyprid形式的流体动力学后果。具有独特形态和生态学的幼虫的运动学和流场是使用微视图和高速粒子图像速度法测量的。这项对活生物体的比较研究与使用动态缩放的物理模型的实验结合，以确定特定特征控制力和扭矩和幼虫周围的特征特征控制力和扭矩的机制。物理模型允许参数 - 脊柱大小和形状；身体大小和形状；肢体形态；和运动学 - 活生物体不可能以不同的方式变化。除了阐明有关棘突在浮游生物的大小和速度范围不足的刺激性后果（中间雷诺数的领域）之外，该项目将进一步理解生态功能之间的折衷，从而施加生物力学约束，从而影响形式的进化。 PUI学院与R1大学之间的合作综合研究和本科教育。以问题为基础的，基于经验的学习方法涉及从物理和生物科学的本科生的研究团队，以在跨学科合作中发展他们的技能。新颖的跨学科课程材料将使用上下文丰富的教学定量技能模块来开发。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，被视为通过评估来获得珍贵的支持。