Collaborative Research: Using an Energetics Framework to Forecast the Interactive Effects of Abiotic and Biotic Stressors on Intertidal Mussels

合作研究：使用能量学框架来预测非生物和生物应激源对潮间带贻贝的相互作用

• 批准号: 1557901
• 负责人: Mackenzie Zippay
• 金额: $ 17.62万
• 依托单位: Sonoma State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-04-01 至 2020-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1557901&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Using; Energetics; Framework

The impacts of environmental change on animals and plants is well established, and numerous studies have shown that not only does environmental change alter the physiological health of species, it also can alter the ways in which species interact with one another. It also suggests that some of the first detectable impacts of environmental change may lie in alterations in the ability of organisms to grow and reproduce, rather than just lethality. This project will develop a framework for looking at the impacts of extreme environmental change on an ecologically and economically important bivalve species, the mussel Mytilus edulis, in the Gulf of Maine, which is warming at an unusually fast rate. Importantly, our modeling framework is, for the first time, able to account for the interactions of temperature change with the additional stresses that occur in the presence of predators. These models will therefore not only advance our basic understanding of how multiple stressors affect animals in nature, but also will provide a mechanism for predicting the impacts of environmental change under realistic field conditions that are often ignored by laboratory-only based experiments. The project also will create novel methods for teaching high school students about the impacts of extreme change on their local environments using cutting-edge virtual-reality technology coupled with hands-on experiential learning in the field.This project seeks to develop a predictive energetics (Dynamic Energy Budget) approach to quantitatively explore the potentially interactive effects of abiotic (temperature) and biotic (risk of predation) stressors on intertidal mussels. The central question that addressed by this project is, how unreliable may predictions of the impacts of environmental change be if a focus is placed only on the isolated rather than combined influence of abiotic or biotic stressors? A framework that considers the effects of environmental change on multiple, interacting species is sorely needed. Building upon an energetics model already parameterized to quantify the effects of temperature and food availability on the mussel Mytilus edulis, this project expands the approach to examine how predation risk - the "fear of being eaten" - may alter thermal sensitivity under more realistic field conditions where predators are present. Previous work by this team has shown that the effects of predation risk are comparable to, or exceed those, caused by predicted climate scenarios, but very few attempts have been made to place these risk effects within a bioenergetics framework, especially in marine systems. This proposal capitalizes on the highly complementary approaches of two research groups to develop a predictive framework examining the cumulative effects of abiotic and biotic stressors on growth, maximum size and reproduction of an important ecosystem engineer under realistic field and trophic interaction conditions.

环境变化对动物和植物的影响是众所周知的，许多研究表明，环境变化不仅改变了物种的生理健康，而且还改变了物种相互作用的方式。 它还表明，环境变化的一些最初可检测的影响可能在于生物体生长和繁殖能力的改变，而不仅仅是致命性。 该项目将制定一个框架，以研究极端环境变化对缅因州海湾具有生态和经济重要性的双壳类物种-贻贝的影响，该海湾正在以异常快的速度变暖。 重要的是，我们的建模框架是，第一次，能够解释温度变化与捕食者存在时发生的额外压力的相互作用。 因此，这些模型不仅将推进我们对自然界中多种压力源如何影响动物的基本理解，而且还将提供一种机制，用于预测现实野外条件下环境变化的影响，而这些条件往往被仅基于实验室的实验所忽视。该项目还将创造新的方法，利用尖端的虚拟现实技术，结合实地动手体验式学习，向高中生传授极端变化对当地环境的影响。（动态能量收支）方法定量探讨非生物物质的潜在相互影响（温度）和生物（捕食的风险）的压力对潮间带贻贝。本项目所要解决的中心问题是，如果只把重点放在非生物或生物压力因素的孤立影响而不是综合影响上，那么对环境变化影响的预测有多不可靠？迫切需要一个考虑环境变化对多个相互作用的物种的影响的框架。能量模型已经参数化量化的温度和食物供应的贻贝的影响，该项目的基础上，扩大的方法来研究捕食风险-“被吃掉的恐惧”-可能会改变更现实的现场条件下，捕食者存在的热敏感性。该团队先前的工作表明，捕食风险的影响与预测的气候情景相当或超过预测的气候情景，但很少有人试图将这些风险影响置于生物能量学框架内，特别是在海洋系统中。该提案利用两个研究小组的高度互补的方法，开发一个预测框架，研究非生物和生物压力对生长的累积影响，最大尺寸和繁殖的一个重要的生态系统工程师在现实的领域和营养相互作用条件下。