Collaborative Research: CaCO3 Dissolution in the North Pacific Ocean: Comparison of Lab and Field Rates with Biogenic and Abiogenic Carbonates

合作研究：北太平洋 CaCO3 溶解：生物成因和非生物碳酸盐的实验室和现场速率比较

• 批准号: 1559004
• 负责人: William Berelson
• 金额: $ 58.86万
• 依托单位: University of Southern California
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-04-01 至 2020-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1559004&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; CaCO3; Dissolution; North

Ocean acidification (OA) is the decrease in seawater pH due to increased oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. The impact of this uptake in the marine environment is lessened by the dissolution of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to calcium and carbonate ions, allowing carbonate ions to bind free hydrogen ions that cause the decrease in pH. Researchers from the University of Southern California and California Institute of Technology have developed a new method for determining carbonate dissolution rates that work in both laboratory and field settings. Preliminary data using this technique has revealed a distinct difference in measured rates between those obtained in the laboratory and those in the field. It is crucial that laboratory and field measurements be standardized to be able to accurately study and compare dissolution rate studies. As such, the researchers will perform extensive fieldwork and laboratory to bridge the gap between these dissolution rate measurements. Results will be widely useful to the ocean chemistry community, especially modelers, wishing to study any aspect of ocean carbonate chemistry, as well as paleoceanographers using carbonate material to study past ocean conditions. Graduate students will be co-mentored by the researchers, and the University of Southern California?s (USC) Young Researcher Program will allow the researchers to involve local high school students. USC International Relations students will be involved in the project, not only gaining scientific experience, but also will learn the policy aspect of the science.Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolution helps to mitigate the effects of ocean acidification (OA) and is a key factor in the ocean?s alkalinity balance. The researchers have recently developed a novel tracer methodology which can monitor carbonate dissolution rates in both the lab and field. This method traces the transfer of 13C from labeled solids to seawater. Using this method has led to breakthroughs in understanding the controls of CaCO3 dissolution kinetics, but it has also revealed that the measurements made in a lab and in the field are not entirely in line. It is crucial to be able to correlate these two measurements to be able to fully study and understand the dynamics of CaCO3 dissolution. Therefore, the researchers will extend their previous work to standardize the results of measurements in the lab with those in the ocean. The North Pacific Ocean with a gradient in carbonate saturation states will be used for the field study, and lab-based experiments will allow the researchers to constrain variables such as pressure, the dissolved inorganic carbon/alkalinity ratio, and concentrations of phosphate. This research will further understanding of OA, the mechanisms controlling carbonate dissolution, and how the ocean modulates its alkalinity budget.

海洋酸化（OA）是由于海洋从大气中吸收人为二氧化碳（CO2）增加而导致海水pH值下降。碳酸钙（CaCO3）溶解到钙离子和碳酸盐离子中，使碳酸盐离子与游离氢离子结合，导致ph值降低，从而减轻了海洋环境中这种吸收的影响。南加州大学和加州理工学院的研究人员开发了一种新的方法，可以在实验室和现场环境中确定碳酸盐的溶解速率。使用该技术的初步数据显示，在实验室获得的测量速率与在现场获得的测量速率之间存在明显差异。至关重要的是，实验室和现场测量必须标准化，以便能够准确地研究和比较溶出率研究。因此，研究人员将进行广泛的实地考察和实验室工作，以弥合这些溶解率测量之间的差距。研究结果将对海洋化学界，特别是希望研究海洋碳酸盐化学任何方面的建模者，以及使用碳酸盐材料研究过去海洋状况的古海洋学家有广泛的用处。研究生将由研究人员和南加州大学共同指导。南加州大学（USC）的青年研究员计划将允许研究人员参与当地的高中生。南加州大学国际关系专业的学生将参与该项目，不仅获得科学经验，还将学习科学的政策方面。碳酸钙（CaCO3）的溶解有助于减轻海洋酸化（OA）的影响，是海洋酸化的关键因素。碱度平衡。研究人员最近开发了一种新的示踪方法，可以在实验室和现场监测碳酸盐的溶解速率。该方法追踪13C从标记固体到海水的转移。使用这种方法在理解CaCO3溶解动力学控制方面取得了突破，但它也揭示了在实验室和现场进行的测量并不完全一致。这是至关重要的，能够关联这两个测量能够充分研究和了解CaCO3溶解的动力学。因此，研究人员将扩展他们之前的工作，将实验室测量结果与海洋测量结果标准化。在碳酸盐岩饱和状态下具有梯度的北太平洋将被用于实地研究，而基于实验室的实验将允许研究人员限制诸如压力、溶解的无机碳/碱度比和磷酸盐浓度等变量。本研究将进一步了解OA、碳酸盐溶解的控制机制以及海洋如何调节其碱度收支。