Evolution of a Post-Disaster Coping Network

这项研究由人类学家埃里克·C·琼斯博士(德克萨斯大学健康科学中心，休斯顿)和阿瑟·D·墨菲博士(北卡罗来纳大学格林斯伯勒分校)进行，调查了社区网络对个人和家庭对大规模创伤和极端事件的反应的影响。大规模创伤事件，如公共场所枪击和爆炸事件，在事件本身之后很长一段时间内仍在人们的生活中徘徊。他们还将以前的陌生人联系在一起，这样做的方式对个人和社区的康复进程都有重大影响。这项研究的目标是了解不同的网络群体如何发展，它们如何随着时间的推移而变化，以及这些变化如何影响他们对事件及其后果的反应，以及这些变化如何影响他们对事件及其后果的反应。由于这是一个动态的过程，在事件发生后立即开始，并在多年后展开，琼斯和墨菲采取了纵向方法：持续、专注、长期调查社会群体如何在复苏过程中出现、联合和分裂，以及它们如何影响他们的背景和成员资格，以及它们如何影响和受到影响。他们关注的事件是2009年发生在墨西哥赫尔马西洛日托中心的一场火灾，造成49名幼儿死亡，同时也造成更多人受伤。该奖项支持第三轮数据收集和分析。研究人员将绘制当地居民和受影响家庭的正式命名群体，以及父母和照顾者之间的非正式子网络(通过等级聚类计算)。他们还将进行深入的访谈和参与者观察(如参加游行、会议、纪念活动)，以了解不同的小组如何随着时间的推移产生不同的含义和复苏路径。对网络数据采用形式化的嵌入性和桥接性网络建模方法进行分析。访谈数据将被编码，以便用文本分析软件进行分析。初步研究结果表明，尽管参与分享和理解他们经验的人的网络有时会提供支持优势，但情况并不总是如此。琼斯和墨菲将探索分歧和冲突的来源，这些问题是如何影响恢复的，以及在这些冲突和个人问题(如内疚、抑郁、恐惧和无助)被克服的情况下，是什么产生了例外。该项目在社区心理学和人类学的灾难和创伤研究领域之间建立了新的联系。它还将对影响和恢复的见解带给对极端事件和治理感兴趣的更广泛的受众，研究灾害和脆弱性的地理学家，以及专注于灾害和社会组织的社会学家。对于辅导员、公职人员和政策制定者来说，更好地了解在大规模创伤事件中应对的社会方面非常重要，他们必须帮助那些在创伤后努力寻找意义和正义的人。

This study, by anthropologists Dr. Eric C. Jones (University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston) and Dr. Arthur D. Murphy (University of North Carolina, Greensboro), investigates the effects of community networks on individual and family responses to mass trauma and extreme events. Mass trauma events, such as public venue shootings and bombings, linger in people's lives long after the events themselves. They also tie together former strangers and do so in ways that significantly affect the recovery process for both individuals and communities. The goal of the research is to understand how different networked groups develop, how they change over time, and how those changes affect and are affected by their reaction to the events and their aftermath. Because this is a dynamic process that begins right after an event takes place and unfolds over years, Jones and Murphy have taken a longitudinal approach: a sustained, focused, long-term investigation of how social groups emerge, coalesce, and divide, as well as how they affect and are affected by their contexts and memberships, during the recovery process. Their focal event is a 2009 fire that broke out in a Hermasillo, Mexico, day care center and killed 49 young children while also injuring many more. This award supports a third round of data collection and analysis.The researchers will map out the formal named groups of local residents and affected families and the informal sub-networks (calculated with hierarchical clustering) among parents and caretakers. They also will conduct in-depth interviews and participant observation (such as attending marches, meetings, commemorations) to understand how the different subgroups generate diverse meanings and pathways to recovery over time. The network data will be analyzed with formal network modeling measures of embeddedness and bridging. The interview data will be coded for analysis with text analysis software. Preliminary findings suggest that while participation in a network of people who shared and understood their experience sometimes afforded a support advantage, this was not always true. Jones and Murphy will explore the sources of disagreement and conflict, how these affect recovery, and what produces exceptions where these conflicts and individual problems like guilt, depression, fear and helplessness are overcome. This project builds new links between the fields of community psychology and anthropology in disaster and trauma studies. It also brings insights on impact and recovery to a broader audience of political scientists interested in extreme events and governance, geographers who study hazards and vulnerability, and sociologists concentrating on disasters and social organization. Better knowledge of social aspects of coping in mass trauma events is important for counselors, as well as public officials and policy makers who must help those who struggle to find meaning and justice post-trauma.