SCC-IRG Track 1: Socially-integrated robust communication and information-resource sharing technologies for post-disaster community self-reliance

当灾难发生时，社区往往变得孤立，公民们聚集在一起互相帮助：人们分享资源，传递沿着，并承担他们通常领域之外的任务。这些活动在学术文献和轶事文件中都有报道。一些例子包括：在2005年MTA罢工期间，纽约人共享私人车辆和船只，使纽约市的交通服务瘫痪;邻居帮助邻居逃离2016年飓风马修造成的洪水，使用由北卡罗来纳州罗兰的充气床垫简易制作的木筏。这些对等资源共享活动填补了灾害期间应急机构无法填补的重要空白。该项目通过与华盛顿州的城市和农村、高收入和低收入社区合作，帮助填补这一空白，以了解和推动在灾害期间更有效地传播当地信息和资源。该项目整合了硬件、强大的通信技术、社会能力和空间条件，以利用和增强基于地点的社交网络，实现信息资源共享;并调查了一个很少研究的科学前沿，涉及通信、共享和灾难恢复。对于日益面临自然灾害风险并有兴趣通过信息和资源共享加强抗灾能力的社区，该项目的成果将可扩展，并在日常和紧急情况下发挥作用。更具体地说，该项目将与两个社区共同设计，并在四个方面进行研究。推力1-强大的通信，将开发强大的离网社区网络，由社区拥有和运营。第二个目标--建立信息资源共享的社区社交网络，将开展调查，收集有关人们在社区内的共享行为和社会关系的信息，并开发新的模型，以推断基于社区的社交网络。推进3-以社区为基础的信息资源共享，将制定导致有效信息资源共享的模式和战略。关键假设是社会网络结构影响信息资源共享的最优性和稳定性。Thrust 4（Dynamic Map your Neighborhood）整合了Thrust 1-3的结果，并使用它们与西澳的两个社区（城市和农村）共同设计和试点测试应用程序。多样化的团队专业知识通过设计强大的通信技术和新颖的方法来促进跨学科的知识和方法，以征求社会关系信息和考虑模型最优性和人类输入的信息资源共享模型（例如，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

When a disaster strikes, communities often become isolated and citizens come together to help each other: people share resources, pass along information, and take on tasks that are outside of their usual domains. These activities have been reported in both academic literature and anecdotal documents. Some examples include: New Yorkers’ sharing private vehicles and boats during the 2005 MTA strike that crippled NYC transit services; and neighbors helping neighbors escape from flooding caused by 2016’s Hurricane Matthew using rafts improvised from inflatable mattresses in Rowland, NC. These peer-to-peer resource sharing activities fill important gaps during times of disaster that cannot be fulfilled by emergency response agencies. This project helps fill this gap by working with urban and rural, higher- and lower-income communities in Washington State to understand and advance more effective local information and resource dissemination during a disaster. The project integrates hardware, robust communication technologies, social capacities, and spatial conditions to leverage and enhance place-based social networks for information-resource sharing; and investigate a little-studied scientific frontier intersecting communications, sharing, and disaster resilience. The results of the project will be scalable and useful on a daily and emergency basis to communities that increasingly face natural disaster risks and are interested in enhancing their resilience through information and resource sharing. More specifically, the project will co-design with the two communities and conduct research in four thrusts. Thrust 1—robust communications, will develop robust off-grid community-based networks that are owned and operated by the community. Thrust 2—building community social networks for information-resource sharing, will conduct surveys to collect information about people’s sharing behavior and their social ties within a community, and develop novel models to infer community-based social networks. Thrust 3—community-based information-resource sharing, will develop models and strategies that will lead to efficient information-resource sharing. The key hypothesis is that social network structures affect the optimality and stability of information-resource sharing. Thrust 4 (Dynamic Map your Neighborhood) integrates the results of Thrusts 1-3 and uses them to co-design and pilot-test applications with two communities in WA (urban and rural). The diverse team expertise facilitates knowledge and methods across disciplines through the design of robust communication technologies, and novel ways to solicit social ties information and information-resource sharing models that considers both model optimality and human inputs (e.g., leader nominations from the communities).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.