Holocene Fire History and the Vulnerability of a Primary Rainforest to Fire Encroachment

全新世火灾历史和原始雨林对火灾侵袭的脆弱性

• 批准号: 1561099
• 负责人: Daniel Gavin
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of Oregon Eugene
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-15 至 2022-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1561099&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Holocene; Fire; History; Vulnerability; Primary

NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATIONGEOGRAPHY SPATIAL SCIENCES (GSS) PROGRAMABSTRACTThis research project will investigate the historical precedence of forest fires in order to provide new knowledge about the resiliency of tropical rainforests to fires. By studying the paleoecology of disturbance regimes from a historical context, the investigator will provide new insights into the stability of a pristine rainforest. The investigator's analyses of the spatio-temporal patterns of fire across multiple habitat types will transform basic understanding of distinguishing climate-induced fire impacts versus those that were human-induced. The project will address fundamental questions of fire ecology and landscape disturbance in a highly biodiverse ecosystem. The project will have a strong focus on educational and research capacity-building in the study region. It will foster collaboration across U.S. and foreign organizations, and it will provide a strong foundation for interdisciplinary education and training of undergraduate and graduate students. Project results will promote collaborative ties among national and international partners to increase their capabilities to address issues related to tropical forest stewardship across many parts of the Earth.Soil charcoal records provide insight into the potentially important role of fire in the ecology of rainforests affected by episodic droughts. This project will focus on four core questions: (1) How prevalent was fire during the Holocene and earlier periods? (2) Is the spatial pattern of fire consistent with climatic control or with agricultural activities associated with shifting cultivation? (3) What is the quantity of pyrogenic organic matter in soils among different habitats, and how well is such charcoal preserved in tropical soils? (4) What is the history of peat accumulation in the forest over the past 6,000 years, and has it been affected by past fire events and environmental change? A total of 126 sampling sites will be established across seven habitat types in a study region in Indonesian Borneo, and the investigators will examine these for direct evidence of past fires from radiocarbon-dated charcoal particles in soil. Sampling data will be spectrally, chemically, and quantitatively analyzed to determine the chronological pattern of changing fire over time. The data and methods developed from this research project will have global implications for studying fire behavior studies across a wide-range of diverse ecosystems.

地理学空间科学（GSS）计划本研究项目将调查森林火灾的历史优先顺序，以提供有关热带雨林对火灾的恢复力的新知识。 通过研究从历史背景下的干扰制度的古生态学，调查员将提供一个原始雨林的稳定性的新见解。 研究人员对多种栖息地类型火灾时空模式的分析将改变区分气候引起的火灾影响与人类引起的火灾影响的基本理解。 该项目将解决在高度生物多样性的生态系统中火生态学和景观扰动的基本问题。 该项目将重点关注研究区域的教育和研究能力建设。 它将促进美国和外国组织之间的合作，并为本科生和研究生的跨学科教育和培训提供坚实的基础。 项目结果将促进国家和国际合作伙伴之间的合作关系，提高他们解决地球许多地区热带森林管理相关问题的能力。土壤木炭记录提供了对火灾在受间歇性干旱影响的雨林生态中潜在重要作用的深入了解。 本项目将重点研究四个核心问题：（1）在全新世和更早的时期，火有多普遍？ (2)火灾的空间格局是否与气候控制或与轮垦相关的农业活动相一致？(3)不同生境土壤中热解有机物的数量是多少，这种木炭在热带土壤中保存得如何？ (4)在过去的6,000年里，森林中泥炭的积累历史如何？它是否受到过去火灾事件和环境变化的影响？ 将在印度尼西亚婆罗洲的一个研究区域的七种栖息地类型中建立总共126个采样点，调查人员将检查这些采样点，以获得土壤中放射性碳定年木炭颗粒过去火灾的直接证据。 将对取样数据进行光谱、化学和定量分析，以确定火灾随时间变化的时序模式。 从这个研究项目中开发的数据和方法将对研究广泛的不同生态系统中的火行为研究产生全球影响。