CRII: CPS: Provably-safe Interventions for Human-Cyber-Physical Systems (HCPS)

CRII：CPS：可证明安全的人类网络物理系统干预措施 (HCPS)

• 批准号: 1565529
• 负责人: Sam Burden
• 金额: $ 16.92万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-04-01 至 2018-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1565529&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CRII; CPS; Provably; safe; Interventions

Human interaction with the physical world is increasingly mediated by autonomy, as planes assist pilots, robots assist surgeons, and cars assist drivers. Automation is introduced in such systems to aid humans and guarantee safety and performance. However, such guarantees are hard to provide, since humans may misunderstand the automation's intentions or behave in an unanticipated manner; tragic examples like the crash of Air France flight 447 illustrate that such confusion between pilots and autopilots can lead to catastrophic outcomes. Although some applications may someday yield to full automation (e.g., cars can already drive themselves in traffic), legal and ethical concerns related to safety, accountability, and non-repudiation will ensure humans and autonomy must be capable of handing off control authority at multiple levels in many such systems for the foreseeable future. The principal investigator (PI) proposes to flexibly deploy degrees of autonomy in the presence of human collaborators to compensate for changes in task or environmental conditions. Though PI focuses on robotic teleoperation for concreteness, the anticipated results will lead to general principles that benefit a variety of CPS with humans in-the-loop.Providing safety and performance guarantees for any system involving humans is a lofty goal. PI proposes to achieve this goal by (i) targeting our effort on applications in robotic teleoperation and (ii) integrating findings from multiple established academic disciplines, including engineering disciplines like human factors and control theory that consider the interaction between people and dynamic physical processes, as well as scientific disciplines like neuromechanical motor control and behavioral game theory that account for how humans interact individually and in groups. The proposed work paves the way for provably-safe teleoperated robots distributed in an urban area to provide services in transportation, manufacturing, telemedicine, and emergency response by developing principles for predictive modeling and automated interventions. Unlike the present day, where incompatibilities in aims or means for humans and autonomy lead to performance degradation ranging from significant to catastrophic, the proposed work envisions a future wherein humans can be safely deployed amidst cyber-physical systems in society with high confidence.

随着飞机协助飞行员、机器人协助外科医生、汽车协助司机，人类与现实世界的互动越来越多地受到自主的影响。在这样的系统中引入了自动化，以帮助人类并保证安全和性能。然而，这样的保证很难提供，因为人类可能会误解自动化的意图或以意想不到的方式行事；法国航空公司447航班坠毁等悲惨例子表明，飞行员和自动驾驶之间的这种混淆可能会导致灾难性的后果。尽管某些应用程序有朝一日可能会实现完全自动化(例如，汽车已经可以在交通中自动驾驶)，但与安全、责任和不可否认性相关的法律和伦理问题将确保在可预见的未来，人类和自主性必须能够在许多此类系统中移交多个级别的控制权。首席调查员(PI)建议在人类合作者在场的情况下灵活地部署自治度，以补偿任务或环境条件的变化。尽管PI专注于具体的机器人遥操作，但预期的结果将导致普遍原则，使各种人在回路中的CP受益。为任何涉及人类的系统提供安全和性能保证是一个崇高的目标。PI建议通过以下方式实现这一目标：(I)将我们的努力集中在机器人遥操作中的应用上；(Ii)整合来自多个成熟学科的研究成果，包括考虑人与动态物理过程之间相互作用的人的因素和控制理论等工程学科，以及神经机械运动控制和行为博弈论等解释人类如何个体和群体互动的科学学科。这项拟议的工作为分布在城市地区的可证明安全的远程操作机器人铺平了道路，通过开发预测建模和自动化干预的原则，在交通、制造、远程医疗和紧急反应中提供服务。与当今不同的是，人类的目标或手段与自治权的不兼容导致了从严重到灾难性的性能下降，拟议的工作设想了一个未来，在这个未来，人类可以高度自信地安全地部署在社会的网络物理系统中。