DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Revealing the genomic targets of opposing natural selection that differ between females and males

论文研究：揭示女性和男性之间不同的反对自然选择的基因组目标

• 批准号: 1601148
• 负责人: Robert Cox
• 金额: $ 2.02万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-06-01 至 2018-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1601148&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Revealing; genomic; targets

Males and females of the same species share a genome and express many of the same traits. However, the two sexes often experience dramatic differences in natural selection on these shared traits. This can create an evolutionary tug-of-war when a trait and its underlying genes are beneficial in one sex, but detrimental in the other. This study will investigate this selection conflict in brown anole lizards. Such conflict can occur in any species with separate sexes and is predicted to have important implications for the evolution of differences between males and females, systems of sex determination, and the maintenance of genetic variation. The researchers will genetically sequence individuals from a wild population with extreme sex differences to identify genomic regions that are subject to this selection conflict. In addition, this project will provide research training for undergraduate students and the research will be used as the basis for developing field-tested educational materials designed to build skills for data interpretation in the K-12 classroom.Despite its implications for so many major questions in biology, sexual conflict has rarely been demonstrated in wild populations, and we have yet to identify the actual regions of the genome that are subject to sexual conflict in natural populations. This project has three aims: (1) test for sex differences in natural selection on a variety of traits, (2) test for fitness costs of sexual conflict by measuring the extent to which the genetic basis of fitness is correlated between males and females, and (3) combine field estimates of fitness with large-scale genomic data and powerful statistical methods to uncover genomic regions associated with sexual conflict in a wild population of brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei). This work is being conducted using an island population of more than a thousand adult lizards that is highly amenable to large-scale studies of natural selection. The researchers will use their data to test whether the same genomic regions contribute to fitness in each sex, to measure the extent to which these genes are subject to sex differences in selection, and to determine which components of fitness (survival, reproductive success) give rise to intralocus sexual conflict.

同一物种的雄性和雌性共享一个基因组，并表现出许多相同的特征。然而，两性在这些共同特征的自然选择中经常经历巨大的差异。当一种特征及其潜在基因对一种性别有益，但对另一种性别有害时，这可能会造成一场进化上的拉锯战。本研究将探讨这种选择冲突在棕色变色蜥蜴。这种冲突可以发生在任何具有不同性别的物种中，并且预计对雄性和雌性之间的差异，性别决定系统和遗传变异的维持的进化具有重要意义。研究人员将对来自具有极端性别差异的野生种群的个体进行基因测序，以确定受这种选择冲突影响的基因组区域。此外，该项目将为本科生提供研究培训，研究将被用作开发实地测试的教育材料的基础，这些材料旨在培养K-12课堂上的数据解释技能。尽管它对生物学中的许多主要问题有影响，但性冲突很少在野生种群中得到证明，我们还没有确定基因组中受自然种群性冲突影响的实际区域。该项目有三个目标：（1）测试自然选择中各种性状的性别差异，（2）通过测量适应性的遗传基础在男性和女性之间的相关程度来测试性冲突的适应性成本，和（3）将适合度的联合收割机场估计与大-大规模的基因组数据和强大的统计方法，以揭示与野生棕色变色蜥蜴种群中的性冲突相关的基因组区域（Anolis sagrei）.这项工作是在一个岛上进行的，岛上有一千多只成年蜥蜴，非常适合大规模的自然选择研究。研究人员将使用他们的数据来测试相同的基因组区域是否有助于每种性别的适应性，以测量这些基因在选择中受到性别差异影响的程度，并确定适应性的哪些组成部分（生存，繁殖成功）引起基因座内的性冲突。