DISSERTATION RESEARCH: The effects of climate-driven phenological shifts on plant-pollinator interactions and reproductive success

论文研究：气候驱动的物候变化对植物-传粉媒介相互作用和繁殖成功的影响

• 批准号: 1601219
• 负责人: Laura Burkle
• 金额: $ 1.87万
• 依托单位: Montana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-06-01 至 2018-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1601219&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; effects; climate; driven

Reproduction in most flowering plants, including one-third of crops, is aided through pollination by bees. The nearly 4000 species of bees native to the USA may become more important pollinators of crops as honey bee populations continue to decline. As climate-warming continues, there is concern that plant and bee species are shifting the timing of their activities unequally, causing a mismatch in the time of activity. If plants flower when bees are not active, reproduction could fail. This project will investigate how shifts in the timing of important activities will affect how plants and bees interact, and the consequences for plant reproduction. Results will help to understand how climate change will affect wild plant and crop reproduction, with implications for biodiversity and global food production. The scientific workforce will be strengthened through support for the education and training of a doctoral student and participation of an undergraduate from an underrepresented group. Climate-warming has altered the amount of phenological overlap between coevolved plant and pollinator species. Using forb and solitary bee species native to Montana, forb-bee community composition will be manipulated within enclosed mesocosms. Bee emergence and plant blooming times will be controlled by strategic overwintering and greenhouse management. Blooming forbs and emerging bees will be assigned to mesh-sided mesocosms following a factorial design based on phenologies. The effects of altered phenological overlap on forb-bee interaction patterns and forb reproductive success will be assessed by conducting bee visitation observations at each mesocosm and determining the number and mass of seeds produced for each plant species. Empirical evidence generated by this study will help pinpoint plant and pollinator species most vulnerable to the negative effects of climate change, as well as inform conservation actions.

大多数开花植物的繁殖，包括三分之一的作物，都是通过蜜蜂授粉来帮助的。近4000种原产于美国的蜜蜂可能会成为农作物更重要的授粉者，因为蜜蜂数量继续下降。随着气候变暖的持续，人们担心植物和蜜蜂物种正在不平等地改变它们活动的时间，导致活动时间不匹配。如果植物开花时蜜蜂不活跃，繁殖可能会失败。该项目将研究重要活动时间的变化如何影响植物和蜜蜂的相互作用，以及对植物繁殖的影响。研究结果将有助于了解气候变化将如何影响野生植物和作物繁殖，并对生物多样性和全球粮食生产产生影响。将通过支持一名博士生的教育和培训以及一名来自代表性不足群体的本科生的参与，加强科学工作者队伍。 气候变暖改变了共同进化的植物和传粉者物种之间的物候重叠量。使用杂类草和孤独的蜜蜂物种原产于蒙大拿州，杂类草蜜蜂群落组成将被操纵在封闭的围隔生态系统。蜜蜂出现和植物开花时间将通过战略越冬和温室管理来控制。开花杂类草和新兴的蜜蜂将被分配到网格侧围生态系统以下的因子设计基于物候。改变物候重叠对杂类草-蜜蜂相互作用模式和杂类草繁殖成功的影响将进行评估进行蜜蜂访问观察在每个围隔，并确定种子的数量和质量为每个植物物种。这项研究产生的经验证据将有助于确定最容易受到气候变化负面影响的植物和传粉物种，并为保护行动提供信息。