DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Effects of experimental shifts in soil moisture and flowering phenology on plant-pollinator interactions

论文研究：土壤湿度和开花物候的实验变化对植物-传粉者相互作用的影响

• 批准号: 1601191
• 负责人: Diane Campbell
• 金额: $ 1.63万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-05-01 至 2017-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1601191&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Effects; experimental; shifts

Most flowering plants and many of the world's food crops depend on animal pollinators to reproduce. Recent changes in climate may disrupt these ecologically and economically important relationships. Warm springs and early snowmelt associated with climate change alter when plants flower and pollinators emerge in the spring, which may make pollinators unavailable to plants that flower too soon or too late. In addition, decreased snow cover and early snowmelt likely reduce soil moisture during the growing season on mountain slopes. Such drought conditions may decrease the number of flowers, their size or the amount of nectar they contain, which may make them less attractive to pollinators. This research tests effects of soil moisture and timing of flower and pollinator emergence on pollination. The expectation is that drought will greatly decrease pollination through both changes in flowering time and attractiveness. This work will help reveal how the relationship between plants and pollinators responds to climate change, and will improve the ability of land-managers and policy-makers to plan conservation efforts. This project also includes opportunities to engage undergraduate students and public school teachers in field research, as well as providing gateway experiences for children into science through two K-12 outreach programs.This project tests the hypothesis that differences in flowering time interact with water availability to affect the composition and number of pollinator visits. Using field-tested methods, researchers will manipulate flowering time and soil moisture in a factorial experiment with the sub-alpine wildflower Mertensia ciliata. They will measure the impact on pollination and seed set via shifts in the composition and number of pollinator visits, and will determine how those effects may be mediated by changes in floral traits. Experimental results will be integrated with on-going observational studies of individual, population, and community-level responses to natural variation in soil moisture and flowering phenology. Similar field experiments testing the impacts of abiotic and biotic shifts on plant-pollinator interactions are rare. Yet, such experimental approaches can offer vital insights into the mechanisms that determine how pollination systems respond to climate change. All analyzed data under this award will be disseminated at professional conferences, published in peer-reviewed journals, and made publically available.

大多数开花植物和世界上许多粮食作物都依赖于动物传粉者来繁殖。最近的气候变化可能会破坏这些生态和经济上重要的关系。与气候变化相关的暖泉和早期融雪改变了植物开花和传粉者在春天出现的时间，这可能使传粉者无法为过早或过晚开花的植物提供。此外，积雪减少和早期融雪可能会减少山坡上生长季节的土壤湿度。这种干旱条件可能会减少花的数量，它们的大小或它们所含的花蜜量，这可能使它们对传粉者的吸引力降低。本研究测试了土壤湿度、花和传粉者出现的时间对授粉的影响。预计干旱将通过开花时间和吸引力的变化大大减少授粉。这项工作将有助于揭示植物和传粉者之间的关系如何应对气候变化，并将提高土地管理者和政策制定者规划保护工作的能力。该项目还包括让本科生和公立学校教师参与实地研究的机会，以及通过两个K-12外展计划为儿童提供进入科学的门户体验。该项目测试了开花时间的差异与水的可用性相互作用，影响授粉者访问的组成和数量的假设。使用实地测试的方法，研究人员将在亚高山野花Mertensia ciliata的析因实验中操纵开花时间和土壤湿度。他们将通过传粉者访问的组成和数量的变化来测量对授粉和结实的影响，并将确定这些影响如何通过花性状的变化来介导。实验结果将与正在进行的观察研究的个人，人口和社区水平的土壤水分和开花物候的自然变化的反应。测试非生物和生物变化对植物-传粉者相互作用的影响的类似田间实验很少。然而，这种实验方法可以为确定授粉系统如何应对气候变化的机制提供重要的见解。 该奖项下的所有分析数据将在专业会议上传播，发表在同行评审的期刊上，并以电子方式提供。

项目成果

Experimental Test of the Combined Effects of Water Availability and Flowering Time on Pollinator Visitation and Seed Set

• DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.641693
• 发表时间: 2021-03-25
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Gallagher, M. Kate;Campbell, Diane R.
• 通讯作者: Campbell, Diane R.