DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Does Transgressive Segregation in Physiological Niche Explain the Rapid Spread of Invasive Genes into a Native Population

论文研究:生理生态位中的越界隔离是否可以解释入侵基因向本地群体的快速传播

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1601448
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 1.85万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2016-07-01 至 2018-06-30
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Major rapid evolutionary changes are well known, but the underlying mechanisms and how these changes influence survival and reproduction are often unclear. This project will address the process of rapid evolutionary change by investigating whether the success and geographic spread of an introduced salamander species is the result of interbreeding with a native species. Although the introduction of non-native species is thought to lead to rapid evolution, it is still not understood how often this occurs, the factors involved, and whether this promotes the success and spread of the introduced species. Sometimes introduced species hybridize with native species and produce viable offspring that exhibit extreme trait values not present in either parental species. For example, offspring may be bigger than either parental species or have an increased tolerance to environmental stressors. Potentially, such hybrid offspring can outcompete the parental species or colonize new environments not occupied by either parental species. The production of extreme trait values due to interbreeding - transgressive segregation - is rare in viable offspring. However, when it occurs the offspring can interact with the environment in entirely new ways, leading to rapid evolutionary change. The researchers will study genetic mixing between an endangered native species, the California tiger salamander, and a closely related introduced species, the barred salamander, to test the hypothesis that transgressive segregation has led to extremely rapid evolution in the native species. Data will reveal how life history, physiology, and habitat combine to determine genetic pattern across a region where the two species overlap and hybridize. The project also includes the training of undergraduate and graduate students, educational programs targeting K-12 students, and workshops for conservation managers. Hybrids between Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium and A. californiense exhibit transgressive segregation with respect to body size and exhibit a broader thermal tolerance than natives. However, we still do not know whether transgressive segregation of ecologically important traits is a major factor affecting the extremely rapid spread of what are being labeled "superinvasive" genes into native populations. The researchers will measure and compare metabolic rates, rates of water loss, stress response to conspecific density, and thermal tolerance at multiple life stages in native, introduced, and hybrid tiger salamanders, the categories that matter for predicting spread on the real California landscape. Data on native and hybrid salamanders will be generated using a captive colony of salamanders of native and hybrid individuals. Parental, non-native salamanders will be collected from several wild populations within their native range and from an introduced population that is currently outside the zone of overlap with the native species. Information learned will then be used along with a novel population genetic simulation to generate robust mechanistic predictions of dispersal and persistence of native and nonnative genotypes within the real California landscape under current and potential future conditions.
主要的快速进化变化是众所周知的,但潜在的机制以及这些变化如何影响生存和繁殖往往不清楚。该项目将通过调查引进的蝾螈物种的成功和地理传播是否是与本地物种杂交的结果,来解决快速进化变化的过程。虽然引入非本地物种被认为会导致快速进化,但仍然不清楚这种情况发生的频率,所涉及的因素以及这是否促进了引入物种的成功和传播。有时引进的物种与本地物种杂交,产生可生存的后代,表现出极端的性状值,不存在于任何一个亲本物种。例如,后代可能比双亲中的任何一个都大,或者对环境压力的耐受性增强。这种杂交后代有可能在竞争中胜过亲本物种,或者在没有被任何亲本物种占据的新环境中定居。极端性状值的生产由于杂交-超亲分离-是罕见的可行的后代。然而,当它发生时,后代可以以全新的方式与环境相互作用,导致快速的进化变化。研究人员将研究濒危本土物种加州虎蝾螈和一种密切相关的引进物种横斑蝾螈之间的遗传混合,以检验越界隔离导致本土物种极其迅速进化的假设。数据将揭示生活史,生理学和栖息地如何结合联合收割机来确定两个物种重叠和杂交的区域的遗传模式。该项目还包括本科生和研究生的培训,针对K-12学生的教育计划,以及保护管理人员的研讨会。虎钝口螈Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium与钝口螈A.加利福尼亚牛在体型方面表现出超亲分离,并表现出比本地牛更宽的耐热性。然而,我们仍然不知道是否有生态上重要的性状的超亲分离是一个主要因素,影响了所谓的“超级入侵”基因在本地种群中的快速传播。研究人员将测量和比较代谢率,水分流失率,对同种密度的应激反应,以及在本地,引进和杂交虎蝾螈的多个生命阶段的耐热性,这些类别对于预测真实的加州景观的传播很重要。关于本地和杂交蝾螈的数据将使用本地和杂交个体的蝾螈的圈养群体来生成。将从其原生范围内的几个野生种群和目前在与原生物种重叠区之外的引进种群中收集亲本非原生蝾螈。然后,将使用沿着的信息与一种新的人口遗传模拟,以产生强大的机制预测本地和非本地基因型的扩散和持久性内的真实的加州景观在当前和潜在的未来条件。

项目成果

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Benjamin Fitzpatrick其他文献

Benjamin Fitzpatrick的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Benjamin Fitzpatrick', 18)}}的其他基金

Dissertation Research: Evolutionary complexity and diversity of chemical defenses in diurnal and nocturnal fireflies
论文研究:昼夜萤火虫化学防御的进化复杂性和多样性
  • 批准号:
    1405887
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.85万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Roles of host hybridization and symbiont admixture in adaptation and diversification
论文研究:宿主杂交和共生体混合在适应和多样化中的作用
  • 批准号:
    1210416
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.85万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Dissertation research: To see or not to see or to see again: regressive evolution and Dollo's Law in North American cavefishes (Pisces: Amblyopsidae)
论文研究:看到或不看到或再次看到:北美洞穴鱼的回归进化和多洛定律(双鱼座:弱视科)
  • 批准号:
    1011216
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.85万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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