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The Cultic Centre of the Sun-God of Heliopolis (Egypt)

赫利奥波利斯太阳神的崇拜中心（埃及）

基本信息

批准号：
223572664
负责人：
Professor Dr. Kai-Christian Bruhn
金额：
--
依托单位：
Vakgroep Geografie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2011-12-31 至 2019-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/223572664?language=en
关键词：
Cultic Centre Sun God Heliopolis

项目摘要

The sun-cult was the central element of ancient Egyptian religion for more than three millennia, and Heliopolis stood at its centre - the place of the worlds creation and a country-wide reference point. The architectural layout and the landscape of Heliopolis are the topic of much debate. Most of these hypotheses are based on decontextualised objects. In addition, the situation in Heliopolis has deteriorated considerably after the revolution in 2011. Large space is being lost to illegal construction work. Towards the end of the first phase 2012-2015 a hitherto unknown temple of Nektanebo I. was discovered In spring 2015. Pumps were tested to allow detailed excavation and recording up to 1 m beneath the water table. In addition, remains of the main temple built of limestone were detected by the geophysical and geomorphological survey. Furthermore, the nucleus of the cult topography, a late Pleistocene gezira, was discovered. It is here that the centre of the sun-temple was located, as indicated by the obelisk of Sesostris I. The relocalisation of the mud-brick embankment of the so-called High sand led to the assumption of a measure to protect the sacred ground of creation against exceptional floods by an enclosure of about 400 m diametre.The mission will focus in 2016-2019 on four research targets: The fragments of the hitherto unknown temple of the 4th century BC will be unearthed and studied. This will provide first-hand evidence for texts from Heliopolis itself, as the temple is generally considered as a centre of the textual culture of Pharaonic Egypt. Since it was built on top of the mud-brick embankment, the reliefs are at little depth beneath the present water table. The localisation of a temple wall of min. 30 m length to the west of the obelisk allows for the first reliable investigation on the temples astronomical orientation since it is evident that it differs from the orientation of the large enclosure walls of the 2nd and 1st millennium BC. Small sondages will provide the dating of that structure. Stratigraphical investigations of the western mud-brick embankment will allow for a reassessment of the date of its construction as well as for further insights to the early history of the sanctuary by reused objects as they were found in spring 2015. The reconstruction of the historical landscape is the subject of the geomorphological survey. This part of the project will focus on the palaeo-landscape and the earliest strata in the later precinct of the sun-temple. The results will be supplemented by unpublished data from earlier excavations and subsequently elaborated and verified in a GIS. The combination of various methods will illustrate the transition of the area starting with periods when the mythology might have been formed. The further development of the temple site will prove the transformation into the most prominent national sanctuary of the 3rd, 2nd and earlier 1st millennium B.C. of Egypt.

三千年来，太阳崇拜一直是古埃及宗教的核心元素，赫利奥波利斯位于其中心——世界的创造之地和全国范围的参照点。赫利奥波利斯的建筑布局和景观是备受争议的话题。这些假设大多数都是基于脱离情境的对象。此外，2011年革命后，赫利奥波利斯的情况严重恶化。非法建筑工程导致大片空间消失。在 2012-2015 年第一阶段即将结束时，2015 年春季发现了一座迄今未知的 Nektanebo I. 神庙。对泵进行了测试，以允许详细挖掘和记录地下水位以下 1 m 的深度。此外，通过地球物理和地貌调查，还发现了由石灰岩建造的主庙遗迹。此外，还发现了该崇拜地貌的核心——更新世晚期的杰济拉（gezira）。正如 Sesostris I 方尖碑所示，太阳神庙的中心就位于此处。所谓高沙的泥砖路堤的重新定位导致采取了一项措施，通过直径约 400 m 的围墙来保护创世圣地免受异常洪水的影响。该任务将在 2016 年至 2019 年重点关注四个研究目标：迄今为止未知的碎片公元前4世纪的寺庙将被发掘和研究。这将为赫利奥波利斯本身的文本提供第一手证据，因为这座寺庙通常被认为是法老埃及文本文化的中心。由于它建在泥砖路堤的顶部，浮雕的深度在目前地下水位以下。分钟的寺庙墙的定位。方尖碑以西 30 m 长，可以对寺庙的天文方向进行首次可靠的调查，因为它显然与公元前 2 世纪和 1 世纪大型围墙的方向不同。小声波探测仪将提供该结构的年代测定。对西部泥砖路堤的地层调查将重新评估其建造日期，并通过 2015 年春季发现的重复使用物品进一步了解保护区的早期历史。历史景观的重建是地貌调查的主题。该项目的这一部分将重点关注古景观和太阳神庙后期区域的最早地层。结果将由早期发掘的未发表数据进行补充，并随后在地理信息系统中进行阐述和验证。各种方法的结合将从神话可能形成的时期开始说明该地区的变迁。寺庙遗址的进一步开发将证明它已转变为公元前第三、第二个和更早的第一个千年最著名的国家圣地。埃及的。