Collaborative Research: Ultrahigh-Resolution Analyses of Organic Constituents in Shale Well Fluids and their Environmental Persistence

合作研究：页岩井流体中有机成分及其环境持久性的超高分辨率分析

• 批准号: 1604432
• 负责人: Paula Mouser
• 金额: $ 9.69万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-01 至 2018-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1604432&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Ultrahigh; Resolution; Analyses

1604475 / 1604432Gonsior / MouserHorizontal drilling coupled to hydraulic fracturing well completion techniques has opened up vast shale gas resources in the US and has become increasingly important as an energy source both in the US and globally. In 2012, shale gas was the largest source of US natural gas, contributing 9.7 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, 40 % of the total natural gas production; however, this technique requires the use of large volumes of water combined with a variable combination of chemical additives, each composed of numerous constituents that are primarily organic-based. This project focuses on the characterization of fracking fluids and their potential to adversely impact both surface and ground water.This study will be the first to determine a detailed molecular characterization of organic matter in shale well fluids and track carbon composition evolution during the first three years of operation at a scientific test well site in West Virginia using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. This unique opportunity will generate a comprehensive database of organic constituents entering an unconventional shale gas well drilled into the Marcellus shale and returning to the surface after increasing residence time within the formation. Additionally, the environmental fate will be assessed for potentially hazardous organic compounds present in shale wastewaters. This study will aid in evaluations of potential health impacts of spills during different stages of well operation. It will further guide evaluations of wastewater treatability and solutions for surface spill responses. The goals of the project are: (1) To characterize in detail the molecular composition of shale gas fluids throughout the first three years of a scientific well operation using targeted and non-targeted analytical methods; (2) To evaluate the photochemical and microbial degradation of organic constituents along with detailed molecular characterization of changes including the production of metabolites; (3) To undertake meaningful laboratory-based experiments to understand microbial degradation pathways and to evaluate a potential increase in toxicity, and, (4) To study the photochemical degradation of organic compounds in hydraulic fracturing fluids. The diversity, toxicity and persistence of organic constituents in shale wastewaters have a direct impact on communities relying on water resources in areas being developed for unconventional shale energy. Detailed analyses of the transformation pathways of organic chemical additives and organics leached from shale will guide a scientifically based discussion about the potential health impacts accidental surface spills and subsurface contamination may have to surrounding ecosystems. Graduate and undergraduate students will have the unique opportunity to participate in research and training during drilling and fracturing campaigns planned at the Marcellus Shale Energy Environmental Laboratory, located in West Virginia, over the coming years. This will engage students in direct communication, observation, and sampling efforts during different phases of unconventional shale gas development through the established university-industry collaboration. Research education will focus on a graduate student located at University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory (CBL), a graduate student at Ohio State University as well as undergraduate internships over the summer months (Sea Grant Maryland Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU). The CBL Visitor Center will host displays about the importance of shale well fluids related water issues and wastewater treatment. In partnership with the CBL visitor center here in Solomons, Maryland, we will host a summer workshop for 7-12th grade school students.

1604475 /1604432 Gonsior/Mouser水平钻井与水力压裂完井技术相结合，在美国开发了大量页岩气资源，并在美国和全球范围内成为越来越重要的能源来源。2012年，页岩气是美国天然气的最大来源，贡献了9.7万亿立方英尺的天然气，占天然气总产量的40%;然而，这种技术需要使用大量的水与化学添加剂的可变组合，每种添加剂由许多主要是有机基的成分组成。该项目的重点是压裂液的表征及其对地表水和地下水的潜在不利影响。这项研究将是第一个确定页岩井液中有机物的详细分子表征，并使用高分辨质谱法跟踪西弗吉尼亚州科学试验井场前三年运行期间的碳成分演变。这一独特的机会将产生一个全面的数据库的有机成分进入一个非常规页岩气井钻到马塞勒斯页岩和返回地面后，增加停留时间在地层。此外，还将评估页岩废水中存在的潜在有害有机化合物的环境归宿。这项研究将有助于评估在油井作业的不同阶段泄漏对健康的潜在影响。它将进一步指导对废水可处理性的评价和对表面溢漏反应的解决办法。该项目的目标是：（1）使用有针对性和无针对性的分析方法，详细描述科学钻井作业头三年中页岩气流体的分子组成;（2）评价有机成分的光化学和微生物降解，沿着详细的变化分子特征，包括代谢产物的产生;（3）进行有意义的实验室实验，以了解微生物降解途径，并评估毒性的潜在增加，以及（4）研究水力压裂液中有机化合物的光化学降解。页岩废水中有机成分的多样性、毒性和持久性对依赖非常规页岩能源开发地区水资源的社区产生直接影响。对有机化学添加剂和页岩沥滤有机物的转化途径的详细分析将指导关于意外表面泄漏和地下污染可能对周围生态系统产生的潜在健康影响的科学讨论。研究生和本科生将有独特的机会参加钻井和压裂活动期间计划在马塞勒斯页岩能源环境实验室，位于西弗吉尼亚州，在未来几年的研究和培训。这将使学生在非常规页岩气开发的不同阶段通过既定的大学-行业合作进行直接沟通，观察和采样工作。研究教育将集中在位于马里兰州环境科学中心，切萨皮克生物实验室（CBL），在俄亥俄州州立大学的研究生，以及在夏季几个月的本科生实习大学的研究生（海洋补助马里兰州研究经验的本科生（REU）。CBL游客中心将举办关于页岩井流体相关水问题和废水处理的重要性的展览。在与CBL游客中心在所罗门，马里兰州这里的合作伙伴关系，我们将举办一个7- 12年级的学生暑期讲习班。