Collaborative Research: INFEWS: N/P/H2O: Remote and autonomous sensing for managing the economic and environmental consequences of salinity-impacted agricultural waterways

合作研究：INFEWS：N/P/H2O：用于管理受盐度影响的农业水道的经济和环境后果的远程和自主传感

• 批准号: 1604906
• 负责人: Joshua Viers
• 金额: $ 10.5万
• 依托单位: University of California - Merced
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1604906&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; INFEWS; H2O; Remote

1604853 / 1604906Mauter / ViersIncreasing salinity of agricultural waterways is a global problem with critical economic and ecological impacts. When cropland is irrigated with moderately saline waters, salts accumulate in the soil leading to reduced crop yields or permanent land fallowing. While this problem is neither new (ancient irrigation systems led to the degradation of the once fertile soils across Mesopotamia), nor declining in scale (soil salinization is now estimated to impact nearly one-third of all irrigated land worldwide), there are few decision tools for evaluating the techno-economic feasibility of intervention which is the focus of this proposal. Developing decision tools is critical to informing farmers, managers and others who are interested in slowing salinization trends and ensuring the sustainability and resilience of global food systems.Agricultural waterway salinization imposes considerable economic and ecological damages. The proposed research will develop methods for valuing those damages and comparing the cost-effectiveness of technology and policy interventions. The proposed research will also develop novel methods for efficiently generating a broad, multi-resolution dataset of agricultural waterway salinization critical to implementing these decision models. Finally, the proposed research will evaluate the techno-economic feasibility of salinity reduction interventions, including subsidizing land fallowing, limiting tile drain discharge, and desalinating saline agricultural waters, in a multi-objective decision framework. This research will test and implement the proposed methodology in the Panoche Water and Drainage District and the Westlands Water District, salinity-impacted districts within the San Joaquin River Basin of California and very nearby UC Merced. Collecting, processing, and leveraging data high-resolution data to inform environmental decisions remains a methodological challenge in agricultural systems. The PIs propose to develop a comprehensive decision analysis framework that leverages remote and autonomous sensing to rapidly and cost-effectively evaluate salinity management practices for agricultural waterways. Design and integration of multi-modal sensor networks will inform fundamental relationships between water quality, soil salinity, ecological health, and land use in agricultural environments. Incorporating this information into a decision analysis framework will aid agricultural producers, regulators, and state infrastructure managers in evaluating technologies and policies for salinity management across multiple, often competing, objectives. The first objective of the proposed research is to implement a valuation model to assess the benefits of salinity reduction to agricultural and ecological systems. The second objective is to develop a hierarchical, multi-modal data collection methodology using remote sensing, autonomous robotic watercraft sensors, and sparse, distributed, static sensor networks for efficiently and cost-effectively developing models of agricultural water salinization. The third objective is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of distributed salinity reduction technologies and policies available to agricultural producers and regulators to minimize the economic and ecological impacts associated with salinized agricultural waterways. This will result in novel, hierarchical, low cost methods for generating high-resolution data sets on agricultural waterway salinity that can be extended to the detection and monitoring of other non-point source emissions in the agricultural industry. The proposed research will also develop novel valuation methods for quantifying the benefits of reducing agricultural waterway salinity for private actors (growers) and the public (ecosystems) at a sufficient resolution to inform policy and technology implementation, a major barrier to policy and technology development for combating salinization issues. Finally, the proposed research will develop algorithms for positioning static sensors to maximize the value of information collected. Throughout, the PIs will develop methods to manage uncertainty in the processing of large datasets. The proposed work will enhance the sustainability of irrigated agriculture by providing a quantitative decision framework in which to compare public and private costs and benefits of salinity reduction. It will also promote workforce development in the emerging field of autonomous and robotic sensing for environmental decision-making by engaging UC Merced undergraduate students in data collection, data management, and data visualization research. UC Merced is a minority serving institution in the Central Valley of CA, and students participating for course credit or full time summer employment will be trained for emerging, high tech jobs in the local agricultural industry. Finally, the PIs will continue the development of an education module for high school students that provides hands-on exposure to environmental science, robotics, and data processing via deployment of autonomous robotic watercraft sensors.

1604853 /1604906 Mauter/Viers农业水道的盐度增加是一个全球性问题，具有严重的经济和生态影响。当农田用中等含盐量的沃茨灌溉时，盐分在土壤中积累，导致作物产量降低或永久性土地休耕。虽然这一问题既不是新问题（古代灌溉系统导致美索不达米亚曾经肥沃的土壤退化），也不是规模缩小的问题（据估计，土壤盐碱化现在影响到全世界近三分之一的灌溉土地），但很少有决策工具来评估干预的技术经济可行性，这是本提案的重点。开发决策工具对于向农民、管理人员和其他有兴趣减缓盐碱化趋势并确保全球粮食系统可持续性和复原力的人提供信息至关重要。拟议的研究将制定评估这些损害的方法，并比较技术和政策干预措施的成本效益。拟议的研究还将开发新的方法，有效地生成一个广泛的，多分辨率的农业水道盐碱化数据集，这对实施这些决策模型至关重要。最后，拟议的研究将评估技术经济可行性的盐度减少干预措施，包括补贴土地休耕，限制瓷砖排水量，淡化含盐农业沃茨，在一个多目标决策框架。本研究将测试和实施所提出的方法，在Panoche水和排水区和Westlands水区，在圣华金河流域的加州和非常附近的加州大学默塞德的盐度影响区。收集、处理和利用高分辨率数据为环境决策提供信息仍然是农业系统的一个方法挑战。PI建议开发一个全面的决策分析框架，利用遥感和自主感测来快速、经济有效地评估农业水道的盐度管理做法。多模式传感器网络的设计和集成将告知水质，土壤盐分，生态健康和农业环境中的土地利用之间的基本关系。将这些信息纳入决策分析框架将有助于农业生产者，监管机构和国家基础设施管理人员评估多个，往往是相互竞争的目标的盐度管理技术和政策。拟议研究的第一个目标是实施一个评估模型，以评估降低盐度对农业和生态系统的好处。第二个目标是开发一个分层的，多模式的数据收集方法，利用遥感，自主机器人船只传感器，稀疏，分布式，静态传感器网络，有效地和成本效益高的农业水盐碱化的发展模式。第三个目标是评估农业生产者和管理者可利用的分布式降低盐度技术和政策的成本效益，以尽量减少与盐渍化农业水道有关的经济和生态影响。这将产生新的、分层次的、低成本的方法，用于生成关于农业水道盐度的高分辨率数据集，这些数据集可以扩展到检测和监测农业中的其他非点源排放。拟议的研究还将开发新的评估方法，以足够的分辨率量化减少农业水道盐度对私人行为者（种植者）和公众（生态系统）的好处，以告知政策和技术实施，这是对抗盐碱化问题的政策和技术发展的主要障碍。最后，拟议的研究将开发定位静态传感器的算法，以最大限度地提高收集的信息的价值。在整个过程中，PI将开发方法来管理大型数据集处理中的不确定性。拟议的工作将提供一个量化的决策框架，比较减少盐度的公私成本和效益，从而提高灌溉农业的可持续性。它还将通过让UC默塞德本科生参与数据收集，数据管理和数据可视化研究，促进自主和机器人传感新兴领域的劳动力发展。加州大学默塞德是加州中央谷的一所少数民族服务机构，参加课程学分或全职暑期工作的学生将接受当地农业行业新兴高科技工作的培训。最后，PI将继续为高中生开发教育模块，通过部署自主机器人船舶传感器，提供环境科学，机器人和数据处理的实践机会。