The Transient Universe as Seen in Gravitational Waves by LIGO

LIGO 在引力波中看到的瞬态宇宙

• 批准号: 1607585
• 负责人: Jolien Creighton
• 金额: $ 135万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1607585&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Transient; Universe; Seen; Gravitational; Waves

One hundred years after Einstein predicted that gravitational waves, ripples in the curvature of spacetime, should exist, scientists in the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) measured the waves from a pair of black holes that collided 1.3 billion light years from Earth. This first detection has ushered in a new era of scientific discovery: an era in which gravitational-wave observations are of vital importance for understanding the transient universe. This grant supports the research activities of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee LIGO Scientific Collaboration (UWM LSC) group. The theme is gravitational-wave astronomy with an emphasis on activities on the critical path for the scientific success of LIGO. The project's strongest feature is the synergy: bringing highly-engaged faculty with a proven track record in gravitational physics, astrophysics, data analysis, and education and outreach together with undergraduates, graduate students and postdocs in a close collaborative environment to deliver gravitational-wave science and to engage the broader community in the discoveries to come. This project will convey the excitement of this budding branch of astronomy to the community through outreach efforts such as the UWM Planetarium.The UWM LSC group will deliver critical elements to a low-latency search for transient gravitational waves including those produced during the coalescence of binary neutron stars and black holes. The group will help develop and operate the data-calibration system, an on-line search for signals from compact binary coalescence, and a rapid parameter estimation pipeline. Rapid identification of signals is an essential element of gravitational-wave science in the Advanced Detector Era, and will enable multi-messenger astronomy in which observations of several kinds (gravitational waves; electromagnetic waves; high energy particles) are synthesized to obtain a detailed understanding of the sources of the most cataclysmic events in the universe. Gravitational waves will reveal the inner mechanism of gamma-ray bursts, provide a means to measure the population of black holes and determine the channel by which massive black holes are grown, and probe the fundamental nature of matter above nuclear densities. New ways of measuring cosmological parameters will become available, complementing existing observations. To this end, this award supports work that will continue to produce gravitational-wave discoveries of binary coalescence, provide rapid sky-localization and parameter estimation to facilitate electromagnetic follow-up efforts, yield fast turn-around targeted searches prompted by triggers generated by other observational facilities, obtain the nuclear equation of state by measuring the tidal interactions of binary neutron stars just prior to their merger, and exploit gravitational-wave observations to measure various cosmological parameters. This award supports the integration of gravitational-wave science into the broader field of astrophysics. The UWM LSC group excels at educating new researchers. This project will train a new generation of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows in gravitational-wave astronomy. A main deliverable is a calibrated data set for LIGO which has immense scientific broader impacts. In addition to being used in gravitational wave searches by hundreds of scientists around the world, calibrated data will be distributed to more than 250,000 Einstein@Home users in searches for gravitational waves. As per LIGO open data policy, the data set will also be made available to the scientific community and the public at large.

在爱因斯坦预测引力波（时空曲率中的涟漪）应该存在的一百年后，激光干涉仪引力波天文台（LIGO）的科学家测量了距离地球13亿光年的一对黑洞的波。第一次探测开启了科学发现的新时代：在这个时代，引力波观测对于理解瞬态宇宙至关重要。 该补助金支持威斯康星大学密尔沃基LIGO科学合作（UWM LSC）组的研究活动。主题是引力波天文学，重点是LIGO科学成功的关键路径上的活动。该项目最大的特点是协同作用：将在引力物理学，天体物理学，数据分析，教育和推广方面具有良好记录的高度参与的教师与本科生，研究生和博士后一起在密切的合作环境中提供引力波科学，并让更广泛的社区参与未来的发现。该项目将通过UWM天文馆等外展活动向社区传达天文学这一新兴分支的兴奋之情。UWM LSC小组将为瞬态引力波的低延迟搜索提供关键要素，包括在双中子星和黑洞合并过程中产生的引力波。该小组将帮助开发和操作数据校准系统，在线搜索来自紧凑二元聚结的信号，以及快速参数估计管道。信号的快速识别是先进探测器时代引力波科学的一个基本要素，并将使多信使天文学，其中几种观测（引力波;电磁波;高能粒子）被合成，以详细了解宇宙中最灾难性事件的来源。引力波将揭示伽玛射线暴的内在机制，提供一种测量黑洞数量和确定大质量黑洞生长通道的手段，并探索核密度以上物质的基本性质。测量宇宙学参数的新方法将成为可能，补充现有的观测。 为此，该奖项支持的工作将继续产生引力波发现的双合并，提供快速的天空定位和参数估计，以促进电磁后续工作，产生快速周转有针对性的搜索提示由其他观测设施产生的触发，获得核状态方程通过测量潮汐相互作用的双中子星就在他们的合并，并利用引力波观测来测量各种宇宙学参数。 该奖项支持将引力波科学整合到更广泛的天体物理学领域。UWM LSC小组擅长教育新的研究人员。该项目将培养新一代引力波天文学研究生和博士后研究员。一个主要的可交付成果是LIGO的校准数据集，它具有巨大的科学影响。除了被全球数百名科学家用于引力波搜索外，校准数据还将分发给超过25万名Einstein@Home用户，以搜索引力波。根据LIGO的开放数据政策，数据集也将向科学界和公众开放。

项目成果

Distance measures in gravitational-wave astrophysics and cosmology

• DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/abd594
• 发表时间: 2017-09
• 期刊: Classical and Quantum Gravity
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Hsin-Yu Chen;D. Holz;John B. Miller;M. Evans;S. Vitale;J. Creighton