Collaborative Research: Perovskite Photodetectors with Microcavity Organic Light Emitting Diodes for Sensing Applications

摘要：非技术：人们越来越需要小尺寸的化学和生物传感器，以使它们能够集成到现有的和正在开发的技术中，如可穿戴电子设备。拟议的研究将通过开发这种紧凑、敏感、可靠、最终用户友好、廉价、灵活和可现场部署的传感器来解决这一需求。从长远来看，这些传感器将适用于医疗检测、水和食品质量监测以及安全检查等应用。除了推进重要的（生物）化学传感领域外，该项目还将通过在多样化和高度跨学科的环境中教育学生，培养高素质的科学家/工程师，为这一重要的多方面领域做出贡献，解决材料和设备设计中的关键挑战，从而造福社会。该项目的成功有望显著推进薄膜柔性电子领域，并结合救命的分析应用。技术：提出的研究的具体目标是推进紧凑、敏感、可靠、最终用户友好、廉价、灵活和现场可部署的基于集成光致发光（PL）的化学/生物传感器的发展，包括多种分析物阵列。这一目标满足了在医疗检测、水和食品质量监测以及安全检查等应用中对传感器持续小型化的日益增长的需求。此外，这种小尺寸传感器将使它们能够集成到现有的和正在开发的技术中，例如可穿戴电子产品。为了实现所提出的研究目标，需要基础科学和工程研究。薄膜基微腔有机发光二极管（mcOLEDs）将用作光激发源；它们将与混合钙钛矿基光电探测器（pd）集成。mcOLEDs将在单一衬底上组合制造，提供窄发射带（全宽度一半最大FWHM~20 nm）。由不同的活性物质和微腔尺寸产生的发射峰范围从红光到近紫外。这种均匀密集的mcOLEDs阵列尚未实现，将与两种类型的高响应钙钛矿pd（一种尚未探索的方法）相结合：在宽光谱范围内响应的和在窄光谱范围内响应的。生物/化学分析物将在两种操作模式下进行监测，测量分析物引起的变化(i)使用窄带PD的PL强度和（ii）使用两种PD类型的PL衰减时间。发展这两种方法将提高选择性和特异性。重要的是，为了在可行的情况下实现有利的PL监测，将对mcoled和PDs进行评估和优化，通过研究它们与材料、电荷迁移率、层结构和厚度、缺陷和器件设计的关系，缩短脉冲电致发光（EL）衰减时间和PDs的响应时间。集成的紧凑型传感器将演示两种阵列类型：(i)通过监测光强（例如O2、溶解O2、葡萄糖、乳酸、胆固醇和乙醇）运行的传感器，以及(2)主要通过监测光强（例如pH测量和免疫分析）运行的传感器，这些传感器具有生物和健康监测的重要性。本提案中概述的方法将为柔性基板上的小型化分析工具铺平道路，并与微流体架构相结合。阵列设计、属性优化、演示应用和柔性器件的初步探索有望显著推进有机和混合电子学以及分析方法领域。

Abstract:Non-Technical:There is a growing need for small-size chemical and biological sensors to enable their integration into existing and developing technologies such as wearable electronics. The proposed research will address this need by developing such compact, sensitive, reliable, eventually user-friendly, inexpensive, flexible, and field-deployable sensors. In the long run the sensors will be adapted for applications such as medical testing, water and food quality monitoring, and security inspection. In addition to advancing the vital (bio) chemical sensing field, the project will benefit society by educating students in a diverse and highly interdisciplinary environment, producing highly qualified scientists/engineers who will contribute to this important multifaceted field, addressing key challenges in materials and device designs. The success of the project is expected to significantly advance the fields of thin film flexible electronics in conjunction with life-saving analytical applications.Technical:The specific goal of the proposed research is to advance the development of compact, sensitive, reliable, eventually user-friendly, inexpensive, flexible, and field-deployable, integrated photoluminescence (PL)-based chem/bio sensors, including in multiple analyte arrays. This objective addresses the growing need for continued miniaturization of sensors in applications such as medical testing, water and food quality monitoring, and security inspection. Moreover, such small-size sensors will enable their integration into existing and developing technologies, e.g., wearable electronics. To accomplish the objective of the proposed research fundamental science and engineering research is required. Thin film¡Vbased microcavity organic light emitting diodes (mcOLEDs) will be used as optical excitation sources; they will be integrated with hybrid, perovskite-based photodetectors (PDs). The mcOLEDs will be fabricated combinatorially on a single substrate, providing narrow emission bands (full width half max FWHM~20 nm). The emission peaks, produced by different active materials and microcavity dimensions, will range from the red to the near UV. The uniform dense array of such mcOLEDs, yet unachieved, will be integrated with two types of highly responsive perovskite PDs (an approach not yet explored): those responsive over a broad spectral range and those responsive over a narrow range. Bio/chem analytes will be monitored in two modes of operation, measuring analyte-induced changes in the (i) PL intensity using narrow-band PDs and (ii) PL decay time using both PD types. Developing both approaches will enhance selectivity and specificity. Importantly, to enable the advantageous PL monitoring where viable, the mcOLEDs and PDs will be evaluated and optimized to shorten the pulsed electroluminescence (EL) decay time and the PDs¡¦ response time by fundamental studies of their relation to materials, charge mobility, layer structures and thickness, defects, and device design. The integrated compact sensors will be demonstrated for two array types: (i) those operated by monitoring PL for, e.g., O2, dissolved O2, glucose, lactate, cholesterol, and ethanol, and (2) those operated largely by monitoring IPL as in e.g., pH measurement and immunoassays, which are of biological and health monitoring importance. The approaches outlined in this proposal will pave the way to miniaturized analytical tools on flexible substrates, integrated with microfluidic architectures. Array designs, attribute optimization, the demonstrated applications, and initial exploration of flexible devices are expected to significantly advance the fields of organic and hybrid electronics and analytical methodologies.