NSF NPGI Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology FY 2016

2016 财年 NSF NPGI 生物学博士后奖学金

• 批准号: 1609024
• 负责人: Danelle Seymour
• 金额: $ 21.6万
• 依托单位: Seymour Danelle K
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-06-01 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1609024&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSF; NPGI; Postdoctoral; Fellowship; Biology

This action funds an NSF National Plant Genome Initiative Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology for FY 2015. The fellowship supports a research and training plan in a host laboratory for the Fellow who also presents a plan to broaden participation in biology. The title of the research and training plan for this fellowship to Danelle Seymour is "Exploring the causes and consequences of rapid transposon evolution in grass genomes" The host institution for the fellowship is the University of California, Irvine and the sponsoring scientist is Dr. Brandon Gaut.The most economically important crop species, including rice, maize, wheat, and barley are members of the grass family. The genomes of these species are extremely variable in size, and this is largely the result of rapid proliferation of mobile genetic elements, or transposons. While the genomic distribution of transposons in each species has been reported, the evolutionary forces that shape rapid, global changes in their distributions are unknown. This project aims to characterize the evolutionary forces that drive large changes in genome structure in eight grass species and whether such changes also have functional consequences. This project will provide the fellow with an evolutionary perspective important for connecting basic genomics research to plant phenotype, as well as the opportunity to provide long-term mentoring to undergraduates interested in genomics research.Transposons are insertional mutagens and host genomes have evolved mechanisms to mitigate their spread. Transposon silencing can reduce transcription of flanking endogenous genes, but the duration of these changes is unclear due to the rapid evolution of inserted sequences. Exploring the interplay between these two forces, transposon proliferation and host silencing of transposition, is central to understanding how plant genomes evolve. This research aims to characterize the extent that transposon proliferation impacts the evolution of host genomes and ultimately the host phenotype using a comparative phylogenetic approach focusing on eight grass species. First, a unified framework for transposon identification and annotation in all eight species will be developed which will serve as an important community resource. Next, this resource will be used to characterize the role of transposons in the evolution of gene expression. Using a phylogenetic approach, it is possible to characterize the duration of transposon-induced phenotypic changes, in this case gene expression, and the extent that such changes shape the evolution of gene expression networks in this important plant family.

该行动资助了2015财年NSF国家植物基因组计划生物学博士后研究奖学金。该研究金支持研究员在东道实验室的研究和培训计划，研究员还提出了扩大生物学参与的计划。这项研究和培训计划的标题为丹妮尔西摩是“探索原因和后果的快速转座子进化的草基因组”的主办机构是加州大学欧文分校和赞助科学家是博士。布兰登高特。最重要的经济作物物种，包括水稻，玉米，小麦和大麦是禾本科的成员。这些物种的基因组在大小上变化极大，这主要是由于移动的遗传元件或转座子的快速增殖。虽然转座子在每个物种中的基因组分布都有报道，但在其分布中形成快速，全球变化的进化力量是未知的。该项目旨在描述8种草的基因组结构发生巨大变化的进化力量，以及这些变化是否也具有功能性后果。该项目将为研究员提供一个将基础基因组学研究与植物表型联系起来的重要进化视角，以及为对基因组学研究感兴趣的本科生提供长期指导的机会。转座子是插入诱变剂，宿主基因组已经进化出减缓其传播的机制。转座子沉默可以减少侧翼内源基因的转录，但由于插入序列的快速进化，这些变化的持续时间尚不清楚。探索这两种力量之间的相互作用，转座子增殖和宿主沉默转座，是理解植物基因组如何进化的核心。本研究旨在表征转座子增殖影响宿主基因组进化的程度，并最终使用比较系统发育的方法集中在8个草种的宿主表型。首先，一个统一的框架转座子识别和注释在所有八个物种将被开发，这将作为一个重要的社区资源。接下来，该资源将用于表征转座子在基因表达进化中的作用。使用系统发育的方法，它是可能的转座子诱导的表型变化的持续时间，在这种情况下，基因表达，以及这种变化的程度，形状在这个重要的植物家族的基因表达网络的演变。