Single-Molecule Mechanochemical Sensing for Multiplexed Tasks

用于多重任务的单分子机械化学传感

• 批准号: 1609514
• 负责人: Hanbin Mao
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: Kent State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-15 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1609514&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Single; Molecule; Mechanochemical; Sensing; Multiplexed

This project is funded by the Chemical Measurement and Imaging (CMI) program of the Division of Chemistry at the National Science Foundation. Professor Hanbin Mao of Kent State University is developing new biosensing strategies that have high sensitivity to detect multiple chemical or biological targets simultaneously. Broader impacts are addressed through the development of integrated research-education projects to train high-school and college students. Many parts of research plans are modularly designed in to accommodate the tight schedules of high school and college students. This facilitates the participation of these students into the STEM fields.This project employs individual macromolecules, such as DNA, as platforms for analyte sensing. Upon the binding of an analyte, the macromolecule changes its conformation, which is accompanied by a variation in mechanical properties, such as tension, due to the mechanochemical coupling. Using laser tweezers, the change in the mechanical property is monitored in real time, accomplishing the sensing without extra infrastructure used in a separate signal transduction unit. Since single-molecule templates are used, detection of individual molecules is the result. This represents the utmost sensitivity for biosensing. Compared to other single-molecule detection schemes such as fluorescence, the force signal employed in a mechanochemical sensor suffers little from environmental noise. In addition, the measurement of force does not require direct light excitation, which avoids photo-damage to the sensing template. All these facts render strong reliability and high sensitivity for this new sensing strategy.

该项目由美国国家科学基金会化学部的化学测量和成像（CMI）计划资助。肯特州立大学的Hanbin Mao教授正在开发新的生物传感策略，该策略具有高灵敏度，可以同时检测多个化学或生物目标。更广泛的影响是通过制定综合研究教育项目来培训高中和大学学生。研究计划的许多部分是模块化设计的，以适应高中和大学学生的紧张时间表。该项目采用单个大分子（如DNA）作为分析物检测的平台。在结合分析物时，大分子改变其构象，这伴随着由于机械化学偶联而引起的机械性质（例如张力）的变化。使用激光镊子，在真实的时间内监测机械性能的变化，从而在没有单独的信号转换单元中使用的额外基础设施的情况下完成感测。由于使用单分子模板，因此结果是检测单个分子。这代表了生物传感的最高灵敏度。与其他单分子检测方案（如荧光）相比，机械化学传感器中采用的力信号几乎不受环境噪声的影响。此外，力的测量不需要直接光激发，避免了对传感模板的光损伤。所有这些事实使得这种新的传感策略具有很强的可靠性和高灵敏度。