Niche evolution of Tibetan-Himalayan Rhyacophilidae (Trichoptera) II: Comparative Phylogeography and Niche Differentiation of Alpine/Subalpine Himalopsyche of the Himalayan/QTP Region

在DFG研究集群PAK 807/1西藏-喜马拉雅生物群的起源和演化的第一阶段中，我们评估了喜马拉雅/青藏高原(QTP)地区喜马拉雅昆虫属更深层次的多样性、生物地理和生态位演化。在第二阶段，我们将重点关注最近的生物多样性进化，即种内多样化和物种水平的生态位分化。这些过程很可能与冰川周期中物种范围的收缩和扩张有关。因此，这项后续行动建议的目的是研究喜马拉雅/QTP地区选定的瓢虫物种的系统地理和生态位分化。具体地说，我们将1)将喜马拉雅山脉和横断山区两个高山/亚高山物种对的系统地理与基于锚定杂交浓缩(AHE)数据的大规模多位置系统地理方法进行比较，以使用联合分析框架验证假设；2)开发目标物种所占据的河流网络沿线相关淡水环境层的高分辨率空间数据集。利用这些数据，以及伞形项目中产生的古气候和古植被模型(提案A：Hickler等人。(B)阐明高山/亚高山物种对生态位的分化，包括气候生态位和生物群组合；以及(C)基于物种分布模型实验和分子数据分析的比较，推断末次冰期盛期(LGM)和末次间冰期(LIG)的历史分布。

In the first phase of DFG research cluster PAK 807/1 Origin and Evolution of Tibetan-Himalayan biotas we assessed the deeper diversification, biogeography and niche evolution of the caddisfly genus Himalopsyche in the Himalaya/Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) region. In the second phase, we will focus on recent biodiversity evolution, i.e. intraspecific diversification and species-level niche differentiation. These processes are most likely associated with species range contractions and expansions during glacial cycles. The objective of this follow-up proposal is thus to study the phylogeography and niche differentiation of selected caddisfly species in the Himalayan/QTP region. Specifically we will1) compare the phylogeography of two alpine/subalpine species pairs of Himalopsyche along the Himalayan range and the Hengduan Mountains with a large-scale multi-locus phylogeographic approach based on anchored hybrid enrichment (AHE) data to test hypotheses using a coalescent analytical framework; and2) develop a high-resolution spatial dataset of relevant freshwater environmental layers along the stream network occupied by our target species.Using these data, as well as paleoclimate and paleovegetation models generated in the umbrella project (Proposal A: Hickler et al. Neogene dynamics of climate and biomes as potential drivers of diversification patterns in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) region), we will thenA) assess genetic population structure and infer the demographic and migratory history of the target species;B) elucidate putative niche differentiation of the alpine/subalpine species pairs, including climate niches and biome associations; andC) infer the historical distributions in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Last Interglacial (LIG) based on a comparison of species distribution model experiments and molecular data analysis.The project will generate insights on the importance of topography on migration patterns of aquatic insects and the role of mountain ranges as species pumps under environmental change.