Doctoral Dissertation Research: Intergenerational impacts of diet and lifestyle change among Alaska Native women and their children

博士论文研究：饮食和生活方式改变对阿拉斯加原住民妇女及其子女的代际影响

• 批准号: 1613340
• 负责人: Christopher Kuzawa
• 金额: $ 1.78万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-11-01 至 2018-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1613340&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Intergenerational; impacts

Recent studies in human developmental biology suggest that there may be evolutionarily adaptive patterns of fetal growth that are related to the maternal nutritional environment. In modern populations, this linkage between fetal growth and maternal nutrition may be maladaptive in cases where maternal obesity may negatively affect infant and child outcomes. This doctoral dissertation project will explore the intergenerational effects of traditional (versus store-bought) food consumption among Alaska Native women and their children residing in Anchorage, Alaska. This population has seen dramatic increases in obesity and related problems in the last 20 to 30 years, and prior research has focused on the direct impacts of store-bought foods and decreased physical activity. Studying the potential intergenerational effects of diet will expand our understanding of how nutrition shapes human physiology. The project will support community partnerships with Alaska Native organizations and communities, involve local students in the research, and inform public health efforts to address the globally-relevant obesity epidemic.Research on the long-term basic biology, and the resulting health impacts, of the intrauterine nutritional environment has led to the hypothesis that the fetus adjusts metabolic set points to match prevailing nutritional conditions in the world it will soon enter. Rising rates of maternal obesity and elevated blood glucose due to culturally-based shifts in diet and lifestyle may be creating an evolutionarily novel gestational milieu that promotes altered fetal growth, obesity, and metabolic dysregulation in offspring. By assessing how dietary composition (traditional and store-bought foods) impacts maternal metabolism during pregnancy among Alaska Native women, a population who is experiencing ongoing shifts in diet, this study will examine the impacts of maternal pregnancy metabolism on fetal and infant growth. The proposed research will be conducted with the goal of establishing a long-term productive collaboration with the Alaska Native community, and will contribute to a better understanding of emerging health disparities observed in this population.

人类发育生物学的最新研究表明，胎儿生长的进化适应模式可能与母体营养环境有关。在现代人群中，如果孕产妇肥胖可能对婴儿和儿童的结局产生负面影响，胎儿生长与孕产妇营养之间的这种联系可能会产生适应不良。 该博士论文项目将探讨居住在阿拉斯加州安克雷奇的阿拉斯加原住民妇女及其子女传统（与商店购买）食品消费的代际影响。在过去 20 到 30 年里，这一人群的肥胖和相关问题急剧增加，之前的研究主要集中在商店购买食品和体力活动减少的直接影响。研究饮食的潜在代际影响将扩大我们对营养如何影响人类生理的理解。该项目将支持与阿拉斯加原住民组织和社区的社区合作，让当地学生参与研究，并为公共卫生工作提供信息，以解决全球相关的肥胖流行病。通过对宫内营养环境的长期基础生物学及其由此产生的健康影响的研究，得出了这样的假设：胎儿会调整代谢设定点，以适应其即将进入的世界的普遍营养条件。由于文化背景下饮食和生活方式的改变，孕产妇肥胖率和血糖升高率上升，可能正在创造一种进化上新颖的妊娠环境，促进胎儿生长改变、肥胖和后代代谢失调。通过评估膳食成分（传统食品和商店购买的食品）如何影响阿拉斯加原住民妇女（一个正在经历饮食变化的人群）怀孕期间的母体代谢，本研究将探讨母体妊娠代谢对胎儿和婴儿生长的影响。拟议的研究将旨在与阿拉斯加原住民社区建立长期富有成效的合作，并将有助于更好地了解该人群中观察到的新出现的健康差异。