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EAPSI: Ecological Context for Bioavailable Phosphorus in Sub-Boreal Forest Soils of Northern Japan

EAPSI：日本北部亚寒带森林土壤中生物可利用磷的生态背景

基本信息

批准号：
1613366
负责人：
Melissa Pingree
金额：
$ 0.54万
依托单位：
Pingree Melissa R
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Fellowship Award
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-06-15 至 2017-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1613366&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
EAPSI Ecological Context Bioavailable Phosphorus

项目摘要

Fire is an important driver of ecosystem processes yet very little is known about its effects on phosphorus (P), which is an essential nutrient for plant and animal life and limited in northern Japanese soils. Soil microbes and fauna, such as earthworms, provide an essential function in forest ecosystems by digesting organic matter to make P and other nutrients available for plants that otherwise exist in unavailable forms. At the same time, plants chemically alter their immediate root zones to enhance the availability and uptake of P from soils. The common measurement of soil P does not account for the variety of root-zone acquisition techniques and very little is known about earthworm alteration of soil P availability. This research project will measure soil P in contrasting soil types of northern Japan with an advanced method that mimics the variety of plant P acquisition techniques. In a laboratory experiment, we will combine soils with a common earthworm species and charcoal from wildfires in order to provide a context for biological activity and forest disturbance that is likely to alter soil P availability. The project will be conducted in the extensively studied Teshio Experimental Forest located in northern Hokkaido, Japan, in collaboration with Assistant Professor Dr. Kobayashi Makoto and Associate Professor Dr. Kentaro Takagi of Hokkaido University. The Teshio Experimental Forest is an ideal field research center that provides 22,550 hectares of undisturbed sub-boreal forests. The unique forests of northern Japan represent a transition from the far northern, cold boreal forests to warmer, biologically diverse temperate forests. The sub-boreal forests of northern Japan can provide an example for the future forests in the boreal zone. Previous research conducted in the Teshio Experimental Forest provides a valuable baseline for plant-soil interactions, nutrient cycling, forest ecology, and fire history. The area also contains a unique compilation of soil types and that can be extrapolated to different regions and environmental conditions. Total soil P concentrations are low in both serpentine and sedimentary soils of northern Japan; thus, rapid uptake by plants and soil microbes is likely. Research conducted by Dr. Makoto suggests that both plants and microbes employ specialized mechanisms to acquire P in the presence of charcoal, a ubiquitous residue of wildfires. Furthermore, the high earthworm density and activity in northern Japan forest soils may induce processes that have the capacity to directly or indirectly alleviate soil P limitations. With this collaboration, we will build on previous research from Hokkaido University to clarify the understanding of plant-soil and plant-soil fauna interactions in the availability of P in forest ecosystems.This award under the East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes program supports summer research by a U.S. graduate student and is jointly funded by NSF and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

火是生态系统过程的重要驱动力，但很少有人知道它对磷（P）的影响，这是植物和动物生命的必需营养素，并在日本北方土壤有限。土壤微生物和动物群，如蚯蚓，在森林生态系统中发挥着重要作用，它们消化有机物质，使磷和其他营养物质以不可利用的形式存在于植物中。与此同时，植物化学改变其直接根区，以提高土壤中磷的有效性和吸收。土壤磷素的常规测量方法不能解释根区采集技术的多样性，而且对土壤磷素有效性的动态变化知之甚少。本研究项目将在日本北方的对比土壤类型的土壤磷测量与先进的方法，模仿植物磷采集技术的变化。在实验室实验中，我们将结合联合收割机土壤与一个共同的物种和木炭从野火，以提供一个环境的生物活动和森林干扰，这是可能改变土壤磷的可用性。该项目将与北海道大学的小林诚助理教授博士和高木太郎副教授博士合作，在日本北海道北方进行广泛研究的天潮实验森林中进行。天潮实验森林是一个理想的野外研究中心，提供22，550公顷未受干扰的亚寒带森林。日本北方独特的森林代表了从遥远的北方，寒冷的北方森林到温暖，生物多样性的温带森林的过渡。日本北方的亚寒带森林可以为未来的寒带森林提供一个范例。以前在Teshio实验森林进行的研究为植物-土壤相互作用、养分循环、森林生态和火灾历史提供了有价值的基线。该地区还包含一个独特的土壤类型汇编，可以外推到不同的地区和环境条件。土壤总磷浓度低的蛇纹石和沉积土壤的北方日本，因此，植物和土壤微生物的快速吸收是可能的。Makoto博士进行的研究表明，植物和微生物都采用专门的机制在木炭存在的情况下获得P，木炭是野火的普遍残留物。此外，在日本北方森林土壤的高密度和活性可能会引起的过程，有能力直接或间接减轻土壤磷的限制。通过此次合作，我们将在北海道大学以往研究的基础上，进一步阐明植物-土壤、植物-土壤动物相互作用对森林生态系统中磷的有效性的影响。该奖项是由NSF和日本科学促进会共同资助的东亚和太平洋夏季研究所项目，旨在支持美国研究生的夏季研究。