EAPSI: Using Genetics to Compare Olfactory Imprinting Ability in Hatchery and Wild Salmon from the Pacific Northwest

该奖项支持比较美国太平洋西北地区俄勒冈州孵化场和野生鲑鱼嗅觉印迹能力的研究。在过去的十年里，由于日本和美国严厉的管理和崇高的保护目标，孵化场饲养的鱼类和野生鱼类之间的冲突达到了顶峰。鲑鱼在文化上、经济上、科学上都很重要，但在一些地方，它们正在挣扎，甚至更糟，正在消失。尽管日本和美国对鲑鱼的价值有着不同的现代观点，但这两个国家传统上都使用孵化场系统管理鲑鱼，今天也面临着类似的问题。这项研究将支持正在进行的努力，以了解鲑鱼嗅觉系统的潜在机制，因此，归巢行为策略。这项研究将与Hiroshi Ueda博士合作进行，Hiroshi Ueda博士在日本札幌北海道大学领导着一个世界知名的实验室，他专注于研究鲑鱼的嗅觉定位方法。这项研究将基于上田实验室先前关于大马哈鱼（Oncorhynchus keta）嗅觉印迹和归巢中激素参与的研究。出发前，将从西俄勒冈州的溪流和水库中获取所使用的奇努克鲑鱼标本。关于促甲状腺激素释放激素（TRHa/b）和n-甲基- d -天冬氨酸受体（NR1）的基本亚基的基因表达水平的数据将使用来自准备好的大脑的信息来测量，包括嗅球、端脑和下丘脑。TRH水平在下游洄游到海洋的过程中增加，NR1的高表达水平与一些日本本土鲑鱼幼鱼的溪流气味识别能力增加有关。这项研究将允许将这些发现与美国太平洋沿岸本地鲑鱼物种的结果进行比较。该奖项隶属于东亚和太平洋暑期研究所项目，由美国国家科学基金会和日本科学促进会共同资助，支持一名美国研究生进行暑期研究。

This award supports research to compare olfactory imprinting abilities of hatchery and wild salmon from the state of Oregon in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The conflict between hatchery-raised fish and wild-origin fish has reached a crescendo in the last decade due to the heavy-handed management and lofty conservation goals both in Japan and the United States. Salmonid species are culturally important, economically important, scientifically important and struggling or, worse, disappearing in some locations. Although Japan and the United States have different modern views of the value of salmon, both countries have traditionally managed salmon using hatchery systems and face similar issues today. This study will support an ongoing effort to understand the underlying mechanisms in salmonid olfactory systems and, therefore, homing behavior strategies. This research will be conducted in collaboration with Dr. Hiroshi Ueda who leads a world-renowned lab at Hokkaido University in Sapporo, Japan where he focuses on the study of salmon olfactory homing methods. The study will be based on previous research in the Ueda lab on the involvement of hormones in olfactory imprinting and homing in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). The Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) specimens to be used will be obtained from Western Oregon streams and reservoirs prior to departure. Data regarding the gene expression levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRHa/b) and an essential subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NR1) will be measured using information from the prepared brain including the olfactory bulb, the telencephalon, and hypothalamus. TRH levels have been shown to increase during downstream migration to the sea, and higher levels of NR1 expression have correlated with increased stream odor discrimination ability in some juvenile salmonids native to Japan. This study will allow for comparison of these findings to the results from salmonid species native to the Pacific Coast of the United States. This award under the East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes program supports summer research by a U.S. graduate student and is jointly funded by NSF and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.