Spatially Resolved Nucleosynthesis in Core Collapse Supernovae

核心塌陷超新星中空间分辨的核合成

• 批准号: 1615575
• 负责人: Patrick Young
• 金额: $ 29.38万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-01 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1615575&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Spatially; Resolved; Nucleosynthesis; Core; Collapse

The investigators will simulate exploding stars, called supernovae. They are interested in the nuclear reactions during the explosion. The reactions produce many of the elements on the periodic table. The simulation will model the first second of the explosion and calculate reactions until the expelled material collides with the surrounding region. Existing images of these explosions show that many chemical elements are blown into space. The investigators will compare their models with the existing observations.The topic of exploding stars captures the public imagination. Through their writing, teaching, and public lectures, the investigators will share this project excitement. They will lead teacher training workshops for Navajo Nation, Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, and Phoenix inner city schools. The investigators will explain how exploding stars are important for our life on the earth.The investigators will perform and compare three dimensional (3D) simulations of core collapse supernova explosions and remnant development with the observed spatial distribution of nuclear species in the Cassiopeia A and g292 supernova remnants (SNRs). This is the first opportunity to compare the production and distribution of elements by nuclear burning in 3D explosion simulations directly with well-studied SNRs. Their comparison can provide important constraints on the characteristics of the explosion required to produce a remnant with the observed geometry and abundances, telling us much about both the event itself and the explosion mechanism. Three dimensional smooth particle hydrodynamics explosions of the favored progenitors in realistic environments will be simulated. The spatial distribution be compared with estimates of the spatially resolved abundances derived from the optical, x-ray and infrared observations to constrain the conditions under which nuclear burning occurs.The production and distribution of heavy elements by supernovae are integral to the evolution of stellar populations and the interstellar medium on scales from individual proto- stellar/proto-planetary systems to galaxies. The project will have impacts in a number of areas beyond nucleosynthesis in supernovae, including numerical methods and massively parallel simulations, turbulent hydrodynamics, stellar and galaxy evolution, astrobiology, and cosmology. This research will integrate research and education by advancing discovery and understanding, while at the same time engaging undergraduates and training graduate students.

研究人员将模拟正在爆炸的恒星，即所谓的超新星。他们对爆炸过程中的核反应很感兴趣。这些反应产生了元素周期表上的许多元素。模拟将模拟爆炸的第一秒，并计算反应，直到排出的物质与周围区域碰撞。这些爆炸的现有图像显示，许多化学元素被吹入太空。研究人员将把他们的模型与现有的观测结果进行比较。恒星爆炸的话题吸引了公众的想象力。通过他们的写作、教学和公开演讲，研究人员将分享这个项目的兴奋。他们将领导纳瓦霍民族、盐河皮马-马里科帕印第安人社区和凤凰城市中心学校的教师培训讲习班。研究人员将解释恒星爆炸对我们地球上的生命的重要性。研究人员将对核心坍塌、超新星爆炸和遗迹发展进行三维(3D)模拟，并将其与仙后座A和g292超新星遗迹(SNR)中观测到的核物种的空间分布进行比较。这是首次有机会将3D爆炸模拟中的核燃烧产生和分布的元素直接与经过充分研究的SNR进行比较。它们的比较可以为产生具有观测到的几何形状和丰度的残留物所需的爆炸特征提供重要的约束，告诉我们关于事件本身和爆炸机制的许多信息。三维光滑粒子流体动力学爆炸将被模拟在真实环境中被看好的祖先。空间分布与光学、X射线和红外观测得出的空间分辨丰度的估计值相比较，以限制发生核燃烧的条件。超新星产生和分布重元素是从单个原恒星/原行星系统到星系的尺度上恒星群和星际介质演化不可或缺的组成部分。该项目将在超新星核合成以外的许多领域产生影响，包括数值方法和大规模并行模拟、湍流流体力学、恒星和星系演化、天体生物学和宇宙学。这项研究将通过促进发现和理解来整合研究和教育，同时吸引本科生和培养研究生。