Collaborative Research: Tracing the Evolution of Planetary Systems

合作研究：追踪行星系统的演化

• 批准号: 1616479
• 负责人: Gaspard Duchene
• 金额: $ 2.87万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-01 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1616479&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Tracing; Evolution; Planetary

Debris disks, the disks of dust around many stars, are the places where planets form. We have, so far, observed the dust and grains of different brightness in twenty-four debris disks around other stars. We still, however, do not know the detailed properties of these grains. Debris disks are examples for studies of how planetary systems form and change with time. The investigators will use the Gemini South Observatory telescope's Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) Integral Field Spectrograph and Polarimeter to observe the properties of the dust in many debris disks in detail, including grain colors, sizes, compositions, and how thick the grains are in the disks. They will combine these observations with data from other telescopes to provide an overall picture of the properties of the dust grains in different debris disks. The results of this research help to find our Solar System's place with other planetary systems. This program serves the national interest by increasing our understanding of how the early Solar System and other planetary systems formed. The investigators will make a program and video that explain the new GPI instrument, and the science we can learn using it, for the general public. Circumstellar accretion disks (debris disks), the dusty disks around main sequence stars, are the likely sites of planet formation. To date, twenty-four debris disks have been spatially resolved in scattered light, revealing the location of the dust and the reflectivities of the grains. The detailed properties of these grains are, however, not well understood. Debris disks serve as laboratories for studies of planetary system formation and evolution that help to place our Solar System into context with other planetary systems. Gemini Planet Imager Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS) and Polarimeter observations planned by these investigators will provide an unprecedented opportunity to discern grain properties. IFS observations will be sensitive to spectral features and will better constrain the color of the scattered light, therefore constraining the particle composition and size. Polarimetry will allow us to determine the difference between particle size and porosity. This team will combine the GPI observations with complementary high contrast imaging and thermal mapping data from the Hubble Space Telescope, Magellan Adaptive Optics, and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array to develop holistic models that will significantly improve our understanding of the materials available during the late stages of planetary system formation. The investigators will create a program that showcases the new GPI instrument, including a video to explain the instrument and the science it enables, for the general public.

碎片盘，许多恒星周围的尘埃盘，是行星形成的地方。到目前为止，我们已经在其他恒星周围的24个碎片盘中观察到了不同亮度的尘埃和颗粒。然而，我们仍然不知道这些颗粒的详细性质。碎片盘是研究行星系统如何形成和随时间变化的例子。研究人员将使用双子座南天文台望远镜的双子座行星成像仪（GPI）积分场光谱仪和偏振仪来详细观察许多碎片盘中尘埃的性质，包括颗粒颜色，大小，成分以及颗粒的厚度。他们将联合收割机将这些观测结果与其他望远镜的数据相结合，以提供不同碎片盘中尘埃颗粒特性的全貌。这项研究的结果有助于找到我们的太阳系与其他行星系统的位置。该计划通过增加我们对早期太阳系和其他行星系统如何形成的理解来服务于国家利益。研究人员将制作一个节目和视频，向公众解释新的GPI仪器，以及我们可以使用它学习的科学。星周吸积盘（碎片盘），围绕主序星的尘埃盘，是行星形成的可能场所。迄今为止，已经在散射光中对24个碎片盘进行了空间分辨，揭示了尘埃的位置和颗粒的反射率。然而，这些颗粒的详细性质还没有得到很好的理解。碎片盘是研究行星系统形成和演化的实验室，有助于将我们的太阳系与其他行星系统联系起来。这些研究人员计划的双子座行星成像仪积分场光谱仪（IFS）和偏振计观测将为辨别谷物特性提供前所未有的机会。IFS观测将对光谱特征敏感，并将更好地约束散射光的颜色，从而约束颗粒的组成和大小。旋光法将使我们能够确定颗粒大小和孔隙率之间的差异。该团队将联合收割机的GPI观测与互补的高对比度成像和热映射数据从哈勃太空望远镜，麦哲伦自适应光学，和阿塔卡玛大型毫米/亚毫米阵列开发整体模型，这将显着提高我们的理解的材料在行星系统形成的后期阶段。研究人员将创建一个程序，展示新的GPI仪器，包括一个视频来解释仪器和它所支持的科学，为公众。