CNH-S: Andes Bofedales and Cattle: The Impacts of Changing Hydrology and Glacial Retreat on Community Livelihoods in Peru's Cordillera Blanca

CNH-S：安第斯山脉 Bofedales 和牛：水文变化和冰川退缩对秘鲁布兰卡山脉社区生计的影响

• 批准号: 1617429
• 负责人: Gillian Bowser
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-01 至 2022-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1617429&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH; Andes; Bofedales; Cattle; Impacts

Mountainous regions are undergoing rapid changes due to changing climate, while human livelihoods are shifting with further consequences for mountain landscapes. Andean glaciers are especially sensitive to climate change with accelerating melting rates influencing downslope ecosystems through hydrologic changes. The people that depend on these ecosystems for their livelihoods are also impacted. In turn, farmers are altering grazing regimes by increasing herd sizes and expanding pastures, processes that are negatively affecting wetlands. The broader impacts of this project relate to climate change and associated glacial recession, which represent the most important threats to pastoral livelihoods in tropical mountains like the Andes. In Peru, threats to pastoralists are exacerbated by growing demands for water and other mountain-based natural resources. Under business as usual scenarios, problems over water resources in mountain regions will likely intensify. To address the intersection of mountain ranges, wetlands, and cattle with changing environments, partner institutions will conduct a series of five workshops to bring researchers, community leaders and non-governmental organizations together. The workshops will be a mixture of formal presentations, technical discussions and a field-based practicum for scientists and community members. This research focuses on the high Andean ecosystems around Huaraz, Peru in Huascarán National Park, recognized as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1977, and will have implications for mountainous regions around the world. Workshop 1 will present a novel coupling of an agent-based model using socioeconomic indicators and an ecosystem model that creates scenarios from remotely sensed images and ecological sampling. Workshop 2, hosted by a community-based NGO (The Mountain Institute), will provide the background for developing socioeconomic indicators needed to inform the models. Workshop 3 will use the identified scenarios from Workshops 1 and 2 to provide the foundation of natural processes affecting human livelihood from local wetlands. Workshop 4 focuses on human impacts, specifically non-native livestock grazing on the wetlands, and how these ecosystems respond when affected by glacial retreat. A concluding meeting will encompass an integration of all previous workshops across the different components of a high elevation coupled human natural system to create a community knowledge framework that will inform similar mountain systems worldwide. By using a workshop approach with a field practicum, this project is designed to introduce local communities and institutions to the leading research questions on environmental change and interactions with wetland habitat and impacts on local livelihoods. This novel approach will have implications for conducting future research coordination networks.

由于气候变化，山区正在发生迅速变化，而人类生计也在发生变化，对山区景观产生了进一步的影响。 安第斯冰川对气候变化特别敏感，融化速度加快，通过水文变化影响下坡生态系统。依赖这些生态系统维持生计的人们也受到影响。反过来，农民通过增加牧群规模和扩大牧场来改变放牧制度，这些过程对湿地产生了负面影响。该项目的更广泛影响涉及气候变化和相关的冰川衰退，这是对安第斯山脉等热带山区牧民生计的最大威胁。在秘鲁，对水和其他山区自然资源的需求日益增加，加剧了对牧民的威胁。在一切照旧的情况下，山区水资源问题可能会加剧。为了解决山脉、湿地和牲畜与不断变化的环境相互交织的问题，伙伴机构将举办一系列五个讲习班，使研究人员、社区领袖和非政府组织聚集在一起。讲习班将包括正式介绍、技术讨论和科学家和社区成员的实地实习。这项研究的重点是瓦斯卡兰国家公园内的瓦拉斯、秘鲁周围的安第斯高山生态系统，该公园于1977年被确认为教科文组织生物圈保护区，并将对世界各地的山区产生影响。讲习班1将介绍一种新的结合方式，将一个使用社会经济指标的基于主体的模型与一个生态系统模型结合起来，利用遥感图像和生态采样创建情景。讲习班2由一个社区非政府组织（山区研究所）主办，将为制定为模型提供信息所需的社会经济指标提供背景资料。讲习班3将使用讲习班1和2中确定的情景，为当地湿地影响人类生计的自然过程提供基础。研讨会4的重点是人类的影响，特别是非本地牲畜放牧的湿地，以及这些生态系统如何应对冰川退缩的影响。最后一次会议将包括整合高海拔耦合人类自然系统不同组成部分的所有以前的讲习班，以创建一个社区知识框架，为世界各地类似的山区系统提供信息。该项目采用讲习班的方式，结合实地实习，旨在向当地社区和机构介绍环境变化、与湿地生境的相互作用以及对当地生计的影响等主要研究问题。这种新的方法将对未来的研究协调网络产生影响。