Collaborative Research: DINAA (Digital Index of North American Archaeology): Facilitating Big Picture Research in American Archaeology

合作研究：DINAA（北美考古学数字索引）：促进美国考古学的大局研究

• 批准号: 1623621
• 负责人: David Anderson
• 金额: $ 14.07万
• 依托单位: University of Tennessee Knoxville
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1623621&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; DINAA; Digital; Index

Millions of archaeological sites have been recorded across the United States over the past century. However, this vast record of archaeological data currently remains fragmented in a variety of incompatible formats and database structures scattered across largely inaccessible public and private data stores. The DINAA (Digital Index of North American Archaeology) project will obtain, index, and integrate nonsensitive aspects of this record in coordination with state, tribal, and federal personnel from across the country. The effort is led by David G. Anderson of the University of Tennessee, Eric C. Kansa of Open Context, Dr. Sarah Whitcher Kansa of the Alexandria Archive Institute, and Dr. Joshua Wells of Indiana University South Bend. The resulting databases and maps have a low spatial resolution to protect site integrity, but will otherwise permit, for the first time, the visualization and exploration of human responses to change in the natural and social environment at a continental scale over the entire period of human settlement in North America. By removing access, legal and technical barriers, this project will offer researchers, land managers, and the public truly "Open Data" to facilitate interdisciplinary research, powerful new approaches to computational modeling, data intensive instruction, and archaeological resource management at local, regional and national scales. The ready availability of online maps, datasets, and links to an ecosystem of similar products and analysis tools will enhance public awareness, use, and appreciation for scientific research in general and archaeology in particular. The DINAA project addresses head-on a major challenge facing archaeological informatics: how to connect currently incompatible and fragmentary legacy information systems together so our community can engage in cutting-edge science. The DINAA team has already processed information on over 500,000 sites in 15 states, and this project will expand this effort to the remaining states in North America. DINAA will greatly improve the scientific research value and land management potential of the US archaeological site, report, collections, and other datasets, by broadly employing shared and open data formats, analyses, and dissemination procedures. Anyone using it can download maps, citation records, and other information from the combined site records (no coordinates or other sensitive data are present online) free of charge, and free of intellectual property restrictions. DINAA does this while maintaining strict security. Site locational data is not published or stored; instead, software allocates them to a 400 square kilometer grid (20km on a side) for online visualization. The demonstration that primary archaeological data can be integrated and used to address fundamental questions of human settlement at vast and varying scales will stimulate similar efforts worldwide, and serve as a catalyst to strengthen professional commitments to digital data collection, management, and publication throughout American archaeology, as well as foster public support for scientific research.

在过去的一个世纪里，美国各地记录了数百万个考古遗址。然而，这一庞大的考古数据记录目前仍然支离破碎，以各种不兼容的格式和数据库结构分散在基本上无法访问的公共和私人数据存储中。 DINAA（北美考古数字索引）项目将与全国各地的州、部落和联邦人员协调，获取、索引和整合该记录的非敏感部分。这项工作由田纳西大学的 David G. Anderson、Open Context 的 Eric C. Kansa、亚历山大档案研究所的 Sarah Whitcher Kansa 博士和印第安纳大学南本德分校的 Joshua Wells 博士领导。由此产生的数据库和地图具有较低的空间分辨率，以保护遗址的完整性，但在其他方面将首次允许在北美人类定居的整个时期对大陆范围内的自然和社会环境变化的人类反应进行可视化和探索。通过消除准入、法律和技术障碍，该项目将为研究人员、土地管理者和公众提供真正的“开放数据”，以促进跨学科研究、强大的计算建模新方法、数据密集型教学以及地方、区域和国家范围内的考古资源管理。在线地图、数据集以及类似产品和分析工具生态系统的链接的现成可用性将增强公众对一般科学研究（特别是考古学）的认识、使用和欣赏。 DINAA 项目正面解决了考古信息学面临的重大挑战：如何将当前不兼容且支离破碎的遗留信息系统连接在一起，以便我们的社区能够参与尖端科学。 DINAA 团队已经处理了 15 个州超过 500,000 个地点的信息，该项目将把这项工作扩展到北美的其他州。通过广泛采用共享和开放的数据格式、分析和传播程序，DINAA 将极大提高美国考古遗址、报告、收藏品和其他数据集的科学研究价值和土地管理潜力。使用它的任何人都可以免费下载地图、引文记录和来自合并站点记录的其他信息（在线不存在坐标或其他敏感数据），并且不受知识产权限制。 DINAA 这样做的同时保持严格的安全。不发布或存储网站位置数据；相反，软件将它们分配到 400 平方公里的网格（边长 20 公里）中进行在线可视化。原始考古数据可以被整合并用于解决大规模和不同规模的人类住区的基本问题，这将刺激世界各地类似的努力，并成为加强整个美国考古学对数字数据收集、管理和出版的专业承诺的催化剂，并促进公众对科学研究的支持。