The effects of intertemporal and interpersonal distance on choice

跨期和人际距离对选择的影响

• 批准号: 1630036
• 负责人: Howard Rachlin
• 金额: $ 40.62万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-15 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1630036&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: effects; intertemporal; interpersonal; distance; choice

Cooperation are critical to productivity and economic well-being in settings where teamwork is efficient. Likewise, patience is critical to economic prosperity to the extent it enables individuals to adequately save and invest for the future. Unfortunately, failure of social cooperation (selfishness) and failure of self-control (impulsiveness or addiction) are pervasive problems in American society. The research undertaken here develops and extends a model of decision making in which there is a close correspondence between decisions to behave cooperatively versus selfishly and decisions to behave patiently versus impatiently. Cooperation and patience are motivated by thinking in terms of "what we should do" where the "we" in intertemporal choices are one's current and future selves. Selfish and impatient behavior is motivated by thinking in terms of "what I should do." The modeling approach suggests that economically beneficial behaviors in both domains may be brought about by training or otherwise inducing people to frame decisions one way versus the other.The proposed research posits that intertemporal and interpersonal cooperation are extensions of the self along the two dimensions: time and social space. Extension in time leads to self-control; extension in social space leads to social cooperation and altruism. A number of experiments will establish the quantitative relationship of these two dimensions and enable modeling of the surface created by discounting along both of them. The model will lead to a wider understanding of that nature of intertemporal and social preferences.

在团队合作高效的环境中，合作对生产力和经济福祉至关重要。同样，耐心对于经济繁荣至关重要，因为它使个人能够为未来充分储蓄和投资。不幸的是，社会合作失败（自私）和自我控制失败（冲动或成瘾）是美国社会普遍存在的问题。这里进行的研究发展并扩展了一个决策模型，在这个模型中，合作行为的决定与自私行为的决定以及耐心行为的决定与不耐烦行为的决定之间存在密切的对应关系。合作和耐心是由“我们应该做什么”的思考激发的，而跨期选择中的“我们”是一个人现在和未来的自我。自私和不耐烦的行为是由“我应该做什么”的想法所激发的。建模方法表明，在这两个领域中，经济上有益的行为可能是通过培训或以其他方式诱导人们以一种方式构建决策而不是另一种方式来实现的。本研究认为，跨期合作和人际合作是自我在时间和社会空间两个维度上的延伸。时间的延长导致自我控制；社会空间的扩展导致社会合作和利他主义。许多实验将建立这两个维度的定量关系，并使沿这两个维度贴现产生的表面建模成为可能。该模型将使人们对跨期和社会偏好的性质有更广泛的了解。