Modeling and Analysis of Liquid Sloshing and Its Effects on Vehicle Stability

液体晃动对高速公路、铁路、海洋和航天运输系统的动力学和稳定性具有重要影响。尽管如此，由于缺乏必要的计算算法和高保真度模型来开发知识和更好地理解晃动对车辆动力学和稳定性的影响，危险材料的运输导致了致命的、昂贵的和环境破坏性的事故。由于与安装在卡车、飞机、铁路车辆、导弹、火箭、海上结构和海洋应用等上的容器和/或油罐汽车相互作用，液体可以产生显著的力。通常使用的现有简单液体晃动方法不是针对复杂运动场景设计的。虽然计算算法的使用是必要的，以预测详细的车辆模型的响应，目前还没有一个有效的和准确的基于连续的液体晃动的方法来量化晃动的影响，这可能是显着的曲线谈判，快速变道，和加速和制动的情况。该奖项支持基础研究，以开发第一代液体晃动计算算法，用于模拟复杂的运动场景，制定安全指南和准确的事故重建。特别是，危险材料事故，导致重大的经济损失，环境污染，生命损失和财产损失，可以避免或显着减少通过更好地了解晃动的影响，公路，铁路，海洋和空间运输系统。该项目还将导致开发新的知识、方法和工具，可用于芝加哥伊利诺伊大学高年级本科生和研究生的教育，该大学被指定为少数民族服务机构。利用有效的连续介质液体晃动模型，捕捉液体分布的惯性和粘性，可以克服现有的液体晃动模型的局限性。为此，将开发新的液体晃动模型，并将其与多体系统（MBS）算法集成，该算法允许开发和求解包括重要细节的车辆模型的微分/代数方程。为了实现液体晃动/MBS算法的有效集成，并避免将现有的基于欧拉的流体配方与基于拉格朗日的MBS算法集成的困难，将引入新的全拉格朗日非增量液体晃动求解程序。将开发三种不同的液体晃动方法;有限元（FE）绝对节点坐标公式（ANCF）将用于开发高保真度MBS模型，浮动参考系（FFR）公式将用于开发低阶MBS模型，平滑粒子流体动力学（SPH）方法将用于开发不同的模型，以评估液体湍流对车辆动力学的影响。拉格朗日方法将允许在复杂的车辆运动场景中准确地捕获流体惯性的影响。

Liquid sloshing has a significant impact on the dynamics and stability of highway, rail, marine, and space transportation systems. Nonetheless, because of the lack of computational algorithms and high fidelity models necessary to develop the knowledge and better understanding of the sloshing effect on vehicle dynamics and stability, transportation of hazardous materials has resulted in deadly, costly, and environmentally damaging accidents. Liquid can produce significant forces as the results of the interaction with containers and/or tank cars mounted on trucks, aircraft, railroad vehicles, missiles, rockets, offshore structures, and marine applications among many others. Existing simple liquid sloshing approaches commonly used are not designed for complex motion scenarios. While the use of computational algorithms is necessary to predict the response of detailed vehicle models, there is no in existence today an efficient and accurate continuum-based liquid sloshing approach to quantify the sloshing effect which can be significant during curve negotiations, rapid lane changes, and acceleration and braking scenarios. This award supports fundamental research to develop the first generation of liquid sloshing computational algorithms for modeling complex motion scenarios, developing safety guidelines, and accurate accident reconstructions. In particular, hazardous material accidents, which result in significant economic loss, environmental contamination, loss of lives, and property damage, can be avoided or significantly reduced through better understanding of the effect of sloshing on highway, rail, marine, and space transportation systems. This project will also lead to the development of new knowledge, approaches, and tools that can be used in the education of senior undergraduate and graduate students at University of Illinois at Chicago which is designated as a minority serving institution. The use of efficient continuum-based liquid sloshing models that capture the liquid distributed inertia and viscosity can overcome the limitations of existing liquid sloshing models. To this end, new liquid sloshing models will be developed and integrated with multibody system (MBS) algorithms that allow for developing and solving the differential/algebraic equations of vehicle models that include significant details. In order to achieve efficient integration of liquid sloshing/MBS algorithms and avoid the difficulties of integrating existing Eulerian-based fluid formulations with the Lagrangian-based MBS algorithms, new total-Lagrangian non-incremental liquid sloshing solution procedures will be introduced. Three different liquid sloshing approaches will be developed; the finite element (FE) absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) will be used to develop high fidelity MBS models, the floating frame of reference (FFR) formulation will be used to develop low-order MBS models, and the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method will be used to develop a different model to assess the effect of the liquid turbulence on vehicle dynamics. The Lagrangian approaches will allow for accurately capturing the effect of the fluid inertia in complex vehicle motion scenarios.