Incorporation Of Ethnic Minorities In Colonial Contexts

加州大学伯克利分校的阿德拉·阿马拉尔博士将与一个由美国研究生和墨西哥研究人员组成的国际团队一起，在瓦哈卡州进行研究，以调查1)殖民黑人逃亡奴隶制，2)在殖民背景下创造新种族的过程，3)殖民文本中地方的构建方式与殖民者经历的地方之间的差距。这些问题将在阿马帕进行调查，这是一个由1769年墨西哥殖民末期逃离种植园奴隶制的黑人奴隶建立的小镇。在包括美国在内的美洲，栗色群落一直被描述为存在于沼泽或山脉等隐蔽和边缘的地方。然而，这项研究的重点是一个没有被划归偏远地区的小镇，但它是由逃亡的黑人奴隶或马鲁恩人在殖民官员的批准下合法建立的。然而，尽管Amapa定居者在法律上和空间上进行了重新安置，但其他人仍然认为他们是马鲁人，并以敌意的眼光描绘他们。将马鲁克人纳入殖民社会的过程建立在他们能够成为温顺的殖民地臣民的假设之上。实际上，城镇是殖民文明的基石。矛盾的是，Amapa Maroons人仍然被描绘成“不配，甚至可能没有能力”的野蛮人。没有研究的是，殖民合并进程是如何在阿马帕居民的日常经历中实现的。这项研究具有更广泛的相关性，因为它提供了一个背景和比较案例，以了解少数群体的感知问题以及他们融入诸如今天美国存在的多元社会的问题。类似的进程目前也在世界许多其他区域发生。这个问题将通过考古调查、文物分析和考古工作相结合来探索。从阿马帕出土的材料将与殖民文件中记录的关于马龙人在重新安置前后的社会和物质习俗的信息进行比较。具体地说，该项目将侧重于四类证据：a)聚落空间，b)食物获取、准备和消费，c)文物使用，d)通过考古分析进行区域陶瓷的流通。后者将检查选定材料的化学成分，以追踪陶器的来源和移动。除了为栗色研究和墨西哥殖民史提供原始的科学数据外，拟议的项目还将让今天的阿马帕社区参与研究设计、田野工作和解释的所有步骤。培训美国研究生和当地居民的考古思维和方法也是一个主要目标。

Dr. Adela Amaral, of the University of California, Berkeley, along with an international team of American graduate students and Mexican researchers, will conduct research in the state of Oaxaca to investigate 1) colonial black runaway slavery, or marronage 2) the process through which new ethnicities are created in a colonial context, and 3) the disparity between how places were constructed in colonial texts and how they were experienced by colonized people. These questions will be investigated in Amapa, a town founded by black slaves escaping plantation slavery during Mexico's late colonial in 1769. In the Americas, including the United States, maroon communities have been characterized as existing in obscured and marginal places such as swamps or mountains. This research, however, focuses on a town that was not consigned to geographic backwoods, but that was legally founded by black runaway slaves, or maroons, with the approval of colonial officials. Despite their legal and spatial relocation, however, the Amapa settlers were nonetheless perceived as maroons by others and depicted in a hostile light. The process of incorporating the maroonsinto colonial society rested on the assumption that they were capable of becoming docile colonial subjects. Towns, in effect, were the cornerstones of colonial civility. Paradoxically, the Amapa maroons continued to be portrayed as savages" unworthy, and perhaps incapable, of "civilization". What has not been examined is how the process of colonial incorporation was realized in the everyday experiences of Amapa residents. This research is of broader relevance because it provides a context and comparative case for understanding problems of perception of minorities and their incorporation into a multi-ethinc societies such as that which exist in the United States today. Similar processes are also occurring currently in many other regions of the world. This issue will be explored through a combination of archaeological investigations, artifact analysis, and archaeometric work. Excavated materials from Amapa will be compared to information recorded in colonial documents about the maroons' social and material practices both prior to and after their resettlement. Specifically, this project will focus on four categories of evidence: a) settlement space, b) food acquisition, preparation, and consumption, c) artifact use, and d) circulations of regional ceramics through archaeometric analysis. The latter will examine the chemical content of selected materials to track the provenance and movement of pottery. In addition to contributing original, scientific data to maroon studies and Mexican colonial history, the proposed project will involve the present-day Amapa community in all steps of the research design, fieldwork, and interpretation. Training American graduate students and local residents in archaeological thinking and methodology is also a main objective.