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Incorporation Of Ethnic Minorities In Colonial Contexts

将少数民族融入殖民环境

基本信息

批准号：
1632368
负责人：
Rosemary Joyce
金额：
$ 4.08万
依托单位：
University of California-Berkeley
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-08-15 至 2019-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1632368&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Incorporation Ethnic Minorities Colonial Contexts

项目摘要

Dr. Adela Amaral, of the University of California, Berkeley, along with an international team of American graduate students and Mexican researchers, will conduct research in the state of Oaxaca to investigate 1) colonial black runaway slavery, or marronage 2) the process through which new ethnicities are created in a colonial context, and 3) the disparity between how places were constructed in colonial texts and how they were experienced by colonized people. These questions will be investigated in Amapa, a town founded by black slaves escaping plantation slavery during Mexico's late colonial in 1769. In the Americas, including the United States, maroon communities have been characterized as existing in obscured and marginal places such as swamps or mountains. This research, however, focuses on a town that was not consigned to geographic backwoods, but that was legally founded by black runaway slaves, or maroons, with the approval of colonial officials. Despite their legal and spatial relocation, however, the Amapa settlers were nonetheless perceived as maroons by others and depicted in a hostile light. The process of incorporating the maroonsinto colonial society rested on the assumption that they were capable of becoming docile colonial subjects. Towns, in effect, were the cornerstones of colonial civility. Paradoxically, the Amapa maroons continued to be portrayed as savages" unworthy, and perhaps incapable, of "civilization". What has not been examined is how the process of colonial incorporation was realized in the everyday experiences of Amapa residents. This research is of broader relevance because it provides a context and comparative case for understanding problems of perception of minorities and their incorporation into a multi-ethinc societies such as that which exist in the United States today. Similar processes are also occurring currently in many other regions of the world. This issue will be explored through a combination of archaeological investigations, artifact analysis, and archaeometric work. Excavated materials from Amapa will be compared to information recorded in colonial documents about the maroons' social and material practices both prior to and after their resettlement. Specifically, this project will focus on four categories of evidence: a) settlement space, b) food acquisition, preparation, and consumption, c) artifact use, and d) circulations of regional ceramics through archaeometric analysis. The latter will examine the chemical content of selected materials to track the provenance and movement of pottery. In addition to contributing original, scientific data to maroon studies and Mexican colonial history, the proposed project will involve the present-day Amapa community in all steps of the research design, fieldwork, and interpretation. Training American graduate students and local residents in archaeological thinking and methodology is also a main objective.

加州大学伯克利分校的阿德拉·阿马拉尔博士将与一个由美国研究生和墨西哥研究人员组成的国际团队一起，在瓦哈卡州进行研究，以调查：(1)殖民地黑人逃跑的奴隶制，或婚姻；(2)在殖民背景下创建新种族的过程；(3)殖民地文本中如何构建地方与殖民地人民如何体验地方之间的差异。这些问题将在阿玛帕进行调查，这个小镇是由1769年墨西哥殖民末期逃离种植园奴隶制的黑人奴隶建立的。在美洲，包括美国，栗色社区的特点是存在于模糊和边缘的地方，如沼泽或山区。然而，这项研究的重点是一个小镇，这个小镇并不是地理上的偏远地区，而是由逃跑的黑人奴隶或栗色人合法建立的，并得到了殖民官员的批准。然而，尽管他们在法律上和空间上进行了重新安置，阿玛帕定居者仍然被其他人认为是栗色的，并被描绘成充满敌意的光。将逃亡者纳入殖民地社会的过程建立在他们能够成为温顺的殖民地臣民的假设之上。城镇实际上是殖民地文明的基石。矛盾的是，阿玛帕的放逐者继续被描绘成野蛮人，“不值得，也许没有能力”“文明”。尚未研究的是，殖民合并的过程是如何在Amapa居民的日常经历中实现的。这项研究具有更广泛的相关性，因为它提供了一个背景和比较案例，以了解对少数民族的看法问题，并将其纳入当今美国存在的多民族社会。目前在世界许多其他区域也正在进行类似的进程。这个问题将通过考古调查、人工制品分析和考古测量工作的结合来探讨。从Amapa出土的材料将与殖民文献中记录的关于逃亡者在重新安置之前和之后的社会和物质实践的信息进行比较。具体而言，本项目将重点关注四类证据：a)聚落空间，b)食物获取、准备和消费，c)器物使用，以及d)通过考古计量分析的区域陶瓷流通。后者将检查选定材料的化学成分，以追踪陶器的来源和运动。除了为栗色研究和墨西哥殖民历史提供原始的科学数据外，拟议中的项目还将涉及到研究设计、实地考察和解释的所有步骤，包括今天的Amapa社区。培养美国研究生和当地居民的考古思维和方法论也是一个主要目标。