Doctoral Dissertation Research: Economy, Society, and the Use of Domestic Space at Classic Period Chunchucmil, Yucatan, Mexico

在罗斯玛丽·A·乔伊斯博士的监督下，斯科特·哈特森将分析他在Chunchucmil玛雅遗址进行考古挖掘时收集的数据。Chunchucmil位于墨西哥的尤卡坦半岛，在公元300年至公元600年间作为一个大都市中心而蓬勃发展。Chunchucmil以其密集的住宅区而闻名，住宅区内有用栅栏围起来的住宅小区，以及将这些住宅小区与城市其他地区连接起来的小巷网络。休斯洛由小建筑组成，如睡眠结构、神殿和厨房，嵌入更大的露天庭院、庭院和活动区。哈特森的挖掘重点是恢复数据，这些数据将有助于确定这些建筑和空地是如何被使用的。专注于个人房客及其亲属的研究很重要，因为它针对的是社会组织的一个非常基本的层面：社会赖以生存的家庭基石。如果不记录个别家庭及其成员的日常需要和选择如何促成这些进程并受到这些进程的影响，就无法理解贸易、城市化和社会不平等等普遍的人类学进程。这个项目考察了三个具体的房客，并比较了他们在其中进行的活动。检测活动(手工艺、园艺、作物加工、资源消耗等)的变化在这些房主之间的表演将有助于解释经济战略、社会不平等、居住密度和空间利用之间的关系。同样，记录整个空间活动地点的模式将有助于了解在人口稠密的城市环境中解决废物管理、隐私和其他问题的各种方式。由于许多活动的副产品往往不会以大型耐用文物(碎陶器、石器)的形式保存，或者因为这种耐用物品在古代可能已从原始环境中移除，因此该项目致力于回收和分析微量残留物，如植硅体、烧焦的植物遗骸和古代活动的化学特征(磷酸盐、重金属)。除了社会科学家感兴趣的研究问题外，该项目还将通过提高尤卡坦古迹附近社区和美国不同地点公众对科学的理解水平，产生更广泛的影响。在尤卡坦，与该项目相关的公众宣传活动主要集中在两个村庄：现代的Chunchucmil和邻近的Kochol。当上述分析完成后，这些外展工作(海报、学校访问、城镇会议)将继续下去。在美国，外展工作包括对奥克兰的阿森德特许学校的持续访问。准备一个网站将提高公众对该项目的知名度，同时在参考期刊和专业通讯上发表文章将向科学界通报结果。此外，提交人以及各机构的本科生助理都将接受上述分析方法的培训。

Under the supervision of Dr. Rosemary A. Joyce, Scott Hutson will analyze data gathered during his archaeological excavations at the Maya site of Chunchucmil. Chunchucmil is located in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and thrived as a metropolitan center between 300 A.D. and 600 A.D. Chunchucmil is notable for its dense residential zones, which contain fenced-off houselots and a network of alleyways connecting these houselots to the rest of the city. Houselots consist of small buildings, such as sleeping structures, shrines, and kitchens, embedded within much larger open-air patios, yards, and activity areas. Hutson's excavations focused on the recovery of data that will help determine how these buildings and open areas were used. Research focusing on individual houselots and the kin that occupied them is important because it targets a very basic level of social organization: the familial bedrock upon which society exists. Generalized anthropological processes such as trade, urbanization and social inequality cannot be understood without documenting how the everyday needs and choices of individual families and their members contribute to and are affected by such processes. This project examines three specific houselots and compares the activities performed within them. Detecting variation in the activities (craftwork, gardening, crop processing, consumption of resources, etc.) performed among these houselots will contribute to an explanation of the relations between economic strategies, social inequality, settlement density, and the use of space. Likewise, documenting patterns in the location of activities across space will contribute to an understanding of the variety of ways in which waste management, privacy and other issues are resolved in a densely populated urban setting. Because the byproducts of many activities are often not preserved in the form of large durable artifacts (broken pottery, stone tools) or because such durables may have been removed from their original context in antiquity, this project is geared toward the recovery and analysis of micro-residues, such as phytoliths, charred plant remains, and chemical signatures of ancient activities (Phosphates, heavy metals). Beyond research questions of interest to social scientists, this project will have a broader impact by enhancing the level of public understanding of science both in the communities in Yucatan near the ancient site, and at various locations in the United States. In Yucatan, public outreach associated with the project has focused on two villages: modern-day Chunchucmil and neighboring Kochol. These outreach efforts (posters, school visits, town meetings) will continue when the analyses mentioned above are completed. In the US, outreach efforts include ongoing visits to the ASCEND charter school in Oakland. The preparation of a website will enhance public visibility of the project, while publication in both refereed journals and professional newsletters will communicate the results to the scientific community. Furthermore, both the author as well as undergraduate assistants at various institutions will gain training in the methods of analysis mentioned above.