Doctoral Dissertation Research: Economy, Society, and the Use of Domestic Space at Classic Period Chunchucmil, Yucatan, Mexico

博士论文研究：古典时期的经济、社会和家庭空间的使用 墨西哥尤卡坦半岛 Chunchucmil

• 批准号: 0303322
• 负责人: Rosemary Joyce
• 金额: $ 1.18万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-04-15 至 2004-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0303322&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Economy; Society

Under the supervision of Dr. Rosemary A. Joyce, Scott Hutson will analyze data gathered during his archaeological excavations at the Maya site of Chunchucmil. Chunchucmil is located in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and thrived as a metropolitan center between 300 A.D. and 600 A.D. Chunchucmil is notable for its dense residential zones, which contain fenced-off houselots and a network of alleyways connecting these houselots to the rest of the city. Houselots consist of small buildings, such as sleeping structures, shrines, and kitchens, embedded within much larger open-air patios, yards, and activity areas. Hutson's excavations focused on the recovery of data that will help determine how these buildings and open areas were used. Research focusing on individual houselots and the kin that occupied them is important because it targets a very basic level of social organization: the familial bedrock upon which society exists. Generalized anthropological processes such as trade, urbanization and social inequality cannot be understood without documenting how the everyday needs and choices of individual families and their members contribute to and are affected by such processes. This project examines three specific houselots and compares the activities performed within them. Detecting variation in the activities (craftwork, gardening, crop processing, consumption of resources, etc.) performed among these houselots will contribute to an explanation of the relations between economic strategies, social inequality, settlement density, and the use of space. Likewise, documenting patterns in the location of activities across space will contribute to an understanding of the variety of ways in which waste management, privacy and other issues are resolved in a densely populated urban setting. Because the byproducts of many activities are often not preserved in the form of large durable artifacts (broken pottery, stone tools) or because such durables may have been removed from their original context in antiquity, this project is geared toward the recovery and analysis of micro-residues, such as phytoliths, charred plant remains, and chemical signatures of ancient activities (Phosphates, heavy metals). Beyond research questions of interest to social scientists, this project will have a broader impact by enhancing the level of public understanding of science both in the communities in Yucatan near the ancient site, and at various locations in the United States. In Yucatan, public outreach associated with the project has focused on two villages: modern-day Chunchucmil and neighboring Kochol. These outreach efforts (posters, school visits, town meetings) will continue when the analyses mentioned above are completed. In the US, outreach efforts include ongoing visits to the ASCEND charter school in Oakland. The preparation of a website will enhance public visibility of the project, while publication in both refereed journals and professional newsletters will communicate the results to the scientific community. Furthermore, both the author as well as undergraduate assistants at various institutions will gain training in the methods of analysis mentioned above.

在迷迭香博士的监督下。乔伊斯，斯科特·赫特森将分析他在春丘米尔玛雅遗址考古发掘期间收集的数据。春丘密尔位于墨西哥的尤卡坦半岛，在公元300年至600年之间作为大都市中心而繁荣。春丘密尔以其密集的住宅区而闻名，其中包括围栏隔离的房屋和连接这些房屋与城市其他部分的小巷网络。房屋由小型建筑组成，如睡眠结构，神殿和厨房，嵌入更大的露天庭院，庭院和活动区域。赫特森的挖掘工作集中在恢复数据上，这些数据将有助于确定这些建筑和开放区域是如何使用的。研究集中在个别的房屋和亲属占用他们是重要的，因为它针对一个非常基本的社会组织水平：家庭的基石，社会存在。如果不记录各个家庭及其成员的日常需要和选择如何促成贸易、城市化和社会不平等等普遍的人类学进程并受其影响，就无法理解这些进程。本项目审查了三个具体的小屋，并比较了在其中进行的活动。检测活动中的变化（农业、园艺、作物加工、资源消耗等）在这些家庭中进行的研究将有助于解释经济战略、社会不平等、定居密度和空间利用之间的关系。同样，记录空间活动地点的模式将有助于了解在人口密集的城市环境中解决废物管理、隐私和其他问题的各种方式。由于许多活动的副产品通常不会以大型耐用文物（破碎的陶器，石器）的形式保存下来，或者因为这些耐用品可能已经从古代的原始环境中移除，因此该项目旨在恢复和分析微残留物，如植硅石，烧焦的植物遗骸和古代活动的化学特征（磷酸盐，重金属）。 除了社会科学家感兴趣的研究问题外，该项目还将通过提高尤卡坦半岛古代遗址附近社区和美国各地公众对科学的理解水平，产生更广泛的影响。在尤卡坦半岛，与该项目相关的公共宣传集中在两个村庄：现代的Chunchucmil和邻近的Kochol。在完成上述分析后，将继续开展这些外联工作（海报、学校访问、城镇会议）。在美国，外展工作包括对奥克兰ASCEND特许学校的持续访问。网站的建立将提高该项目的公众知名度，而在权威期刊和专业通讯上发表将向科学界传达结果。此外，作者以及各机构的本科生助理将获得上述分析方法的培训。