Developing a Climatology of Horizontal Convective Rolls over Oklahoma: Combining Observational Data Sets to Increase Understanding

发展俄克拉荷马州水平对流滚转的气候学：结合观测数据集以增进了解

• 批准号: 1632850
• 负责人: David Stensrud
• 金额: $ 48.41万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-01 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1632850&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Developing; Climatology; Horizontal; Convective; Rolls

Horizontal convective rolls (HCRs) are a common occurrence in the warm season and influence planetary boundary layer (PBL) mixing, PBL structure and convection initiation. Yet very little is known about the climatology of HCRs. This oversight is worrisome as HCRs are present in convection-allowing models and studies suggest that these modeled HCRs can be caused by inaccuracies in PBL parameterization. The goal of the research is to use the Twin Lakes, Oklahoma (KTLX), WSR-88D to observe HCRs during the warm season and merge this information with ancillary data to develop a rich, multi-year data base for studying HCRs. From the KTLX observations we will pursue the following scientific objectives: 1) Develop a 10-year warm season climatology of HCR occurrence frequency and characteristics (time of onset and decay, wavelength, orientation angle, year-to-year variability) using observations from April to September 2005-2014; 2) Determine PBL depth and mean PBL winds and wind shear using Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) or Rapid Refresh (RAP) analyses, and hence calculate HCR aspect ratios, for each day with HCRs; 3) Use Oklahoma Mesonet observations from three surface stations underneath the KTLX clear-air radar volume to calculate sensible heat flux and other surface parameters associated with HCR formation and maintenance; 4) Test and identify a robust automated approach to HCR identification that could then be used in a subsequent studies to extend the HCR climatology nationally using all available WSR-88D observation locations. The resulting large data set on HCRs will then be used to examine the mechanisms of HCR formation and help improve our understanding of this common boundary layer phenomenon.Intellectual Merit:The created HCR data set will be novel in terms of the number of cases (several hundred) and the richness of the ancillary environmental data on surface fluxes and PBL structure, and will be used to define the warm season HCR frequency, aspect ratios, orientation angles, typical onset time and longevity for the first time ever. These data will be incredibly beneficial to compare with the frequency of HCR formation in convection-allowing numerical weather prediction models. This type of comparison will help determine how well PBL schemes function as horizontal grid spacing continues to decrease below 3 km.Broader Impacts:The project will enhance graduate, undergraduate, and precollege education, including the mentoring of a graduate student, graduate student participation in development of inquiry-based activities for undergraduate meteorology courses, and implementation of a week-long K-12 teacher workshop using adaptations of these activities followed by academic year support for K-12 classroom implementation. This will lead to enhanced K-12 teachers' and students' understanding of research strategies utilizing radar data to study mesoscale atmospheric phenomena and will increase graduate students' and K-12 teachers' understanding of the systems thinking involved in meteorological research, while also enhancing researchers' and graduate students' understanding of inquiry-based teaching practices and communication skills with non-technical audiences.

水平对流卷（HCR）在暖季常见，影响行星边界层（PBL）混合、PBL 结构和对流引发。然而，人们对 HCR 的气候学知之甚少。这种疏忽令人担忧，因为 HCR 存在于允许对流的模型中，并且研究表明这些建模的 HCR 可能是由 PBL 参数化的不准确引起的。该研究的目标是利用俄克拉荷马州双湖 (KTLX)、WSR-88D 观测暖季期间的 HCR，并将这些信息与辅助数据合并，以开发用于研究 HCR 的丰富的多年数据库。 根据 KTLX 观测结果，我们将追求以下科学目标： 1) 利用 2005 年 4 月至 9 月至 2014 年 9 月的观测数据，建立 HCR 发生频率和特征（爆发和衰减时间、波长、方位角、逐年变化）的 10 年暖季气候学； 2) 使用快速更新周期 (RUC) 或快速刷新 (RAP) 分析确定 PBL 深度以及平均 PBL 风和风切变，从而利用 HCR 计算每天的 HCR 纵横比； 3) 使用来自 KTLX 晴空雷达体积下方三个地面站的 Oklahoma Mesonet 观测数据来计算与 HCR 形成和维护相关的感热通量和其他表面参数； 4) 测试并确定一种强大的 HCR 识别自动化方法，然后可在后续研究中使用该方法，以使用所有可用的 WSR-88D 观测位置在全国范围内扩展 HCR 气候学。由此产生的 HCR 大型数据集将用于研究 HCR 形成机制，并有助于提高我们对这种常见边界层现象的理解。智力优点：创建的 HCR 数据集在案例数量（数百个）以及表面通量和 PBL 结构等辅助环境数据的丰富性方面将是新颖的，并将用于定义暖季 HCR 频率、长宽比、方向角、典型起始时间 和有史以来第一次长寿。这些数据对于与允许对流的数值天气预报模型中 HCR 形成的频率进行比较非常有用。这种类型的比较将有助于确定当水平网格间距继续减小到 3 公里以下时，PBL 方案的运作效果如何。 更广泛的影响：该项目将加强研究生、本科生和大学预科教育，包括对研究生的指导、研究生参与本科气象课程探究型活动的开发，以及利用这些活动的改编实施为期一周的 K-12 教师研讨会 其次是对 K-12 课堂实施的学年支持。这将增强 K-12 教师和学生对利用雷达数据研究中尺度大气现象的研究策略的理解，并将提高研究生和 K-12 教师对气象研究涉及的系统思维的理解，同时还增强研究人员和研究生对基于探究的教学实践以及与非技术受众的沟通技巧的理解。

项目成果

Convective Boundary Layer Depth Estimation from S-Band Dual-Polarization Radar

S波段双偏振雷达对流边界层深度估计

• DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-17-0210.1
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Banghoff, John R.;Stensrud, David J.;Kumjian, Matthew R.
• 通讯作者: Kumjian, Matthew R.

A 10-Year Warm-Season Climatology of Horizontal Convective Rolls and Cellular Convection in Central Oklahoma

俄克拉荷马州中部水平对流卷轴和细胞对流的十年暖季气候学

• DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-19-0136.1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Monthly Weather Review
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Banghoff, John R.;Sorber, Jacob D.;Stensrud, David J.;Young, George S.;Kumjian, Matthew R.
• 通讯作者: Kumjian, Matthew R.

Environmental Conditions Associated with Horizontal Convective Rolls, Cellular Convection, and No Organized Circulations

与水平对流辊、蜂窝对流和无组织循环相关的环境条件

• DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-20-0207.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Monthly Weather Review
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Santellanes, Sean R.;Young, George S.;Stensrud, David J.;Kumjian, Matthew R.;Pan, Ying
• 通讯作者: Pan, Ying