Enhancements to the OOI Cabled Array at Axial Seamount

轴向海山 OOI 电缆阵列的增强

• 批准号: 1634150
• 负责人: William Chadwick
• 金额: $ 17.81万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-15 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1634150&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Enhancements; OOI; Cabled; Array; Axial

Part of the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) is a cabled observatory in the northeast Pacific Ocean that extends offshore to Axial Seamount, an active submarine volcano that has frequent eruptions, hydrothermal vent fields, and unique deep-sea ecosystems. Because it is so active and accessible, Axial Seamount has been a long-term study site and monitoring has revealed a cycle of volcano inflation and deflation that has been used to forecast eruptions with increasing accuracy. This project will enhance the OOI Cabled Array at Axial Seamount by adding instruments with the capability to detect changes in hydrothermal output in the summit caldera, and to ground movements at the volcano, which will in turn improve eruption forecasts. These enhancements to the monitoring effort at Axial Seamount will help to increase our understanding of magma storage systems at active volcanoes, the processes that lead to and trigger eruptions, and the impacts of submarine eruptions on hydrothermal systems and the deep-sea ecosystems they sustain. A teacher will participate on the research cruise to deploy the instruments, and the teacher will interact with classrooms before, during, and after the research cruise. Public lectures at the Hatfield Marine Science Visitor Center in Newport, OR will include results from this project. The 2015 eruption at Axial Seamount was the first detected in real time by the OOI Cabled Array. Although it captured the event in unprecedented detail, it also showed that there are some key observations missing from the instrument network that limited understanding of the eruption and its consequences. This project will make the following targeted and timely additions to the cabled observatory: (1) one new seafloor CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth) instrument to add critical salinity measurements, which are currently lacking but are needed to test the hypothesis that hydrothermal brine is released from the crust during seafloor eruptions, and (2) one bottom pressure/tilt instrument that has already been built and paid for. In addition, four autonomous (non-cabled) miniature pressure recorders will be built and an acoustic release transducer will be purchased to be used on an existing autonomous bottom pressure recording mooring. These instruments will enhance the spatial and temporal monitoring of volcanic deformation of the seafloor and the modeling of its causes in the subsurface.

海洋观测站倡议（OOI）的一部分是一个位于太平洋东北部的电缆观测站，该观测站延伸到近海的Axial Seamount，这是一个活跃的海底火山，经常喷发，热液喷口场和独特的深海生态系统。 由于轴海山非常活跃，而且可以进入，因此它一直是一个长期的研究地点，监测显示，火山有一个膨胀和收缩的周期，用于预测火山爆发的准确性越来越高。 该项目将加强海洋观测所在轴向海山的电缆阵列，增加能够探测山顶破火山口热液输出变化和火山地面运动的仪器，从而改进火山爆发预报。 对轴海隆监测工作的这些改进将有助于我们更好地了解活火山的岩浆储存系统、导致和触发喷发的过程以及海底喷发对热液系统及其所维持的深海生态系统的影响。一名教师将参加研究巡航部署仪器，教师将在研究巡航之前，期间和之后与教室互动。 在纽波特的哈特菲尔德海洋科学游客中心的公开讲座将包括该项目的结果。2015年Axial Seamount的喷发是OOI电缆阵列首次在真实的时间内探测到的。 虽然它以前所未有的细节捕捉到了这一事件，但它也表明，仪器网络中缺少一些关键观测结果，限制了对火山爆发及其后果的了解。 该项目将有针对性地及时为有线观测台增加以下设备：（1）一台新的海底CTD（电导率、温度、深度）仪器，以增加关键的盐度测量，目前缺乏这些测量，但需要这些测量来检验海底喷发期间热液盐水从地壳中释放出来的假设;（2）一台已经建造并支付费用的海底压力/倾斜仪器。此外，将建造四个自动（无电缆）微型压力记录器，并将购买一个声学释放传感器，用于现有的自动底部压力记录系泊设备。 这些仪器将加强对海底火山变形的空间和时间监测，并建立地下火山变形原因的模型。