Phase 2 of Enhancements to the OOI Cabled Array at Axial Seamount

轴向海山 OOI 电缆阵列增强的第二阶段

• 批准号: 1928282
• 负责人: William Chadwick
• 金额: $ 62.69万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-15 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1928282&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Phase; Enhancements; OOI; Cabled; Array

Axial Seamount is the most active volcano in the U.S. Pacific Northwest - it just happens to be located underwater, about 300 miles off the Oregon coast. It has erupted three times in the last 20 years, and we know it is building toward another eruption in the next few years. Consequently, it is an ideal site for long-term monitoring with the National Science Foundation's Ocean Observatory Initiative Cabled Array (OOI-CA) in the Northeast Pacific ocean, which is the world's most advanced underwater volcano observatory. Previous monitoring with the OOI-CA has shown that Axial Seamount has a very repeatable cycle of inflation and deflation that has been used to forecast eruptions. This project will deploy additional monitoring instruments at Axial Seamount over the next 5 years and these will allow us to better forecast the next eruption, will improve our models of magma is supplied and stored within the volcano, and will test ideas about the deep-sea marine environment is impacted by submarine eruptions. This research serves the national interest and society because it will improve our understanding of how volcanoes work and how eruptions can be better forecast (both on land and underwater).This project will fund modest, cost-effective, and timely enhancements to the instrumentation on the OOI Cable Array to address some deficiencies in the existing infrastructure. A key element will be deploying Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) instruments on the seafloor to measure changes in salinity to test the hypothesis that hydrothermal brines are released in the summit caldera during some eruptions. Specifically this project will: (1) keep one seafloor CTD that is already deployed operating on the OOI-CA for 5 more years, (2) add two additional seafloor CTDs at two other sites on the OOI-CA for expanded spatial coverage and needed redundancy, and (3) build eight Mini-BPR (bottom pressure recorder) sensors to replace other instruments that are part of the long-term geodetic monitoring that augments the observations from the OOI-CA. These enhancements to the monitoring effort at Axial Seamount will be available in time to be deployed during the next eruption at Axial Seamount (currently expected between 2020-2022), which will help to increase our understanding of the shallow magma supply and storage systems at active basaltic volcanoes, the processes that lead to and trigger eruptions, and the impacts of submarine eruptions on hydrothermal systems and chemosynthetic ecosystems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

Axial Seamount是美国太平洋西北部最活跃的火山-它恰好位于水下，距离俄勒冈州海岸约300英里。 在过去的20年里，它已经爆发了三次，我们知道它正在朝着未来几年的另一次爆发发展。 因此，它是一个理想的网站，长期监测与国家科学基金会的海洋观测倡议有线阵列（OOI-CA）在东北太平洋，这是世界上最先进的水下火山观测站。 OOI-CA之前的监测表明，轴向海山具有非常可重复的膨胀和收缩周期，该周期已用于预测喷发。 该项目将在未来5年内在Axial Seamount部署更多的监测仪器，这些仪器将使我们能够更好地预测下一次喷发，改善火山内岩浆供应和储存的模型，并将测试有关深海海洋环境受到海底喷发影响的想法。 这项研究服务于国家利益和社会，因为它将提高我们对火山如何工作以及如何更好地预测火山喷发（陆地和水下）的理解。该项目将为OOI电缆阵列上的仪器提供适度，具有成本效益和及时的改进，以解决现有基础设施中的一些缺陷。 一个关键要素是在海底部署电导率、温度、深度（CTD）仪器，以测量盐度的变化，以检验热液盐水在一些喷发期间在山顶破火山口释放的假设。 具体而言，该项目将：（1）将已经部署在OOI-CA上的一个海底CTD再运行5年，（2）在OOI-CA上的另外两个站点增加两个海底CTD，以扩大空间覆盖范围和所需的冗余，以及（3）建造8个小型BPR（海底压力记录仪）传感器，以取代作为长期大地测量监测一部分的其他仪器，以增强OOI-CA的观测。这些对轴海山监测工作的加强将及时提供，以便在轴海山下次喷发时部署（目前预计在2020-2022年之间），这将有助于增加我们对活跃玄武岩火山浅层岩浆供应和储存系统的了解，导致和触发喷发的过程，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。