Collaborative Research: Understanding the distribution and biogeochemical role of anaerobic microenvironments in the ocean

合作研究：了解海洋厌氧微环境的分布和生物地球化学作用

• 批准号: 1635414
• 负责人: Thomas Weber
• 金额: $ 18.88万
• 依托单位: University of Rochester
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1635414&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Understanding; distribution; biogeochemical

Until recently, organic matter decomposition (respiration) was thought to occur primarily in oxygenated seawater; however, evidence has surfaced that respiration can occur under low oxygen conditions (anaerobic) similar to those found within microenvironments of suspended particles. As such, the possibility exists that these anaerobic reactions are more widespread than previously thought and could play a significant role in the cycling of sulfur, nitrogen, and some trace metals. Researchers from the University of California-Los Angeles and the University of Washington plan to study these reactions by developing a particle-redox model to simulate the biogeochemistry of anaerobic microenvironments and make predictions which can be tested against available ocean data (GEOTRACES program). The study is intended to understand the conditions needed to cycle nitrogen and sulfur in these particle microenvironments, the scavenging of trace metals during sulfide precipitations, and develop a tracer for particle bound denitrification (removal of nitrogen by microbes). This project will be the first funding support for two tenure-track faculty who are dedicated to education and public outreach to help broaden involvement in ocean sciences. One of the investigators will be involved as a youth educator in the "Students on Ice" program which conducts workshops that allows youth to gain experience at sea learning about oceanography, whereas the other would organize a series of workshops to engage students from the Rochester City School District in science.This project seeks to investigate the evidence that has been coming out in recent years that anaerobic microenvironments within organic particles are widespread throughout the ocean and are a significant contributor to denitrification and sulfur reduction rates in otherwise oxygenated waters. To do so, the researchers plan to develop a new modeling framework to simulate the biogeochemistry of anaerobic microenvironments and make predictions which can be tested against available observations such as those from the GEOTRACES program. Overall the objectives of this research are to (1) understand the water column conditions and particle properties that lead to these anaerobic microenvironments, (2) test whether sulfate reduction rates are consistent with the metal precipitation signatures known for low oxygen water, and (3) predict the geochemical signature of particle bound denitrification and determine its rate from the large-scale distribution of nitrogen tracers. Understanding the anaerobic processes taking place within anaerobic microenvironments of organic particles in the water column is likely to update the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, sulfur, and trace metals.

直到最近，人们认为有机物分解（呼吸）主要发生在氧化海水中。然而，有证据表明，在低氧气条件下（厌氧）可能发生类似于悬浮颗粒的微环境中发现的呼吸。 因此，存在这些厌氧反应比以前想象的要广泛的可能性，并且可能在硫，氮和一些痕量金属的循环中发挥重要作用。 加州大学洛杉矶分校和华盛顿大学的研究人员计划通过开发粒子 - 雷克斯模型来研究这些反应，以模拟厌氧微环境的生物地球化学，并做出可以根据现有海洋数据（Geotraces计划）进行测试的预测。 该研究旨在了解这些颗粒微环境中循环氮和硫所需的条件，在硫化物沉淀期间清除痕量金属，并为颗粒结合的脱肽开发示踪剂（通过微生物去除氮）。 该项目将是两个终身教师的资金支持，他们致力于教育和公众推广，以帮助扩大对海洋科学的参与。一名调查人员将作为青年教育者参与“冰上的学生”计划，该计划进行讲习班，使青年在海上学习海洋学的经验，而另一个人将组织一系列的研讨会，以吸引罗切斯特城学区的科学的学生。该项目旨在调查近年来在整个范围内的重要证据。原本氧化水的反硝化和硫降低率。为此，研究人员计划开发一个新的建模框架，以模拟厌氧微环境的生物地球化学，并做出可以针对可用观察结果进行测试的预测，例如从Geotraces计划中进行测试。 Overall the objectives of this research are to (1) understand the water column conditions and particle properties that lead to these anaerobic microenvironments, (2) test whether sulfate reduction rates are consistent with the metal precipitation signatures known for low oxygen water, and (3) predict the geochemical signature of particle bound denitrification and determine its rate from the large-scale distribution of nitrogen tracers. 了解水柱中有机颗粒的厌氧微环境发生的厌氧过程可能会更新氮，硫和微量金属的生物地球化学周期。

项目成果

Slow Particle Remineralization, Rather Than Suppressed Disaggregation, Drives Efficient Flux Transfer Through the Eastern Tropical North Pacific Oxygen Deficient Zone

缓慢的颗粒再矿化，而不是抑制分解，推动了东部热带北太平洋缺氧区的有效通量转移

• DOI: 10.1029/2021gb007080
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Global Biogeochemical Cycles
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Cram, Jacob A.;Fuchsman, Clara A.;Duffy, Megan E.;Pretty, Jessica L.;Lekanoff, Rachel M.;Neibauer, Jacquelyn A.;Leung, Shirley W.;Huebert, Klaus B.;Weber, Thomas S.;Bianchi, Daniele
• 通讯作者: Bianchi, Daniele

Variable particle size distributions reduce the sensitivity of global export flux to climate change

可变的粒度分布降低了全球出口通量对气候变化的敏感性

• DOI: 10.5194/bg-18-229-2021
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Biogeosciences
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Leung, Shirley W.;Weber, Thomas;Cram, Jacob A.;Deutsch, Curtis
• 通讯作者: Deutsch, Curtis

Multi-faceted particle pumps drive carbon sequestration in the ocean

• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1098-2
• 发表时间: 2019-04-18
• 期刊: NATURE
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Boyd, Philip W.;Claustre, Herve;Weber, Thomas
• 通讯作者: Weber, Thomas

Efficient Particle Transfer to Depth in Oxygen Minimum Zones of the Pacific and Indian Oceans

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2020.00376
• 发表时间: 2020-09
• 作者: Thomas Weber;D. Bianchi

Global niche of marine anaerobic metabolisms expanded by particle microenvironments

• DOI: 10.1038/s41561-018-0081-0
• 发表时间: 2018-04-01
• 期刊: NATURE GEOSCIENCE
• 影响因子: 18.3
• 作者: Bianchi, Daniele;Weber, Thomas S.;Deutsch, Curtis
• 通讯作者: Deutsch, Curtis