LTER: MCR III: Long-Term Dynamics of a Coral Reef Ecosystem

LTER：MCR III：珊瑚礁生态系统的长期动态

• 批准号: 1637396
• 负责人: Russell Schmitt
• 金额: $ 676.2万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1637396&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTER; MCR; III; Long; Term

Coral reefs have enormous ecological, economic and cultural value, but are threatened by natural disturbances and human activities including those causing global-scale changes. Worldwide, corals increasingly are being replaced by macroalgae or non-coral invertebrates. The reefs of Moorea, French Polynesia, provide an ideal model system to understand factors that mediate ecological resilience and to develop the capacity to forecast the composition and function of reefs in a future ocean of warmer water and ocean acidification. The overarching goal of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER, established in 2004, is to gain a predictive understanding of the dynamics and functionality of oceanic coral reef ecosystems. MCR science achieves this goal through long-term observations, experiments and modeling. The time series data revealed changes in community structure used to generate hypotheses, which are tested using process-oriented studies including long term experiments. Empirical studies are synthesized and modeled to gain novel insight into the responses of coral reefs of Moorea to changing environmental conditions, to search for ecological generality, and to advance ecological theory. This project will also support a number of broader impacts including: (1) K-12 teaching, training, and learning, (2) creative dissemination of results to the broader public, (3) advising of government agencies and NGOs, (4) training the next generation of scientists who are better prepared for interdisciplinary research in a global setting, and (5) provision of a rich data inventory supporting comparative and synthetic research on coral reefs throughout the world. Ecological resilience provides a unifying principle in MCR III, in which the investigators will explore community and ecosystem responses to pulsed disturbances (cyclones, bleaching), human-induced press perturbations (nutrient pollution, fishing), and slowly changing drivers (Global Climate Change, Ocean Acidification). This project will expand the focus on resilience by exploring the causes and consequences of spatially varying patterns of community responses to pulsed perturbations in 2007-10. MCR time series has revealed contrasting community dynamics and resilience between the fore reef and the lagoon; the perturbed fore reef is reassembling to a coral community strongly resembling that found prior to the disturbances (albeit with spatial variability in return rates), whereas some lagoon reefs have transitioned from coral to macroalgae. In addition, the researchers will estimate how different community states affect key ecosystem rate processes (Gross Primary Production, respiration, net calcification). Understanding controls of these processes will provide insight into how they might change in a warmer future ocean with lower pH. To project community composition of future reefs, the research team will explore traits of corals that may make some taxa winners and others losers under future conditions. The intellectual merits arise from a more predictive understanding of how coral reefs respond to interacting environmental changes at multiple spatial, temporal, and biological scales, together with how these responses alter the provision of critical ecosystem services.MCR will expand its Schoolyard LTER by developing a professional development program for K-12 teachers, continuing to engage K-12 teachers in research in Moorea, and developing curricula for the MCR children?s book (Kupe and the Corals) to serve diverse student audiences. MCR's Schoolyard will strengthen engagement with underserved schools in Southern California, which includes paying for transportation and substitute teacher costs for students and teachers to participate in MCR programs at UC Santa Barbara. The MCR team will continue training diverse undergraduates and serve as a resource for graduate and postdoctoral training. Results from this research will continue to contribute to the scientific community through publications and to the broader public through University of California Santa Barbara and California State University Northridge outreach programs (e.g., UCSB's Research Experience & Education Facility that exposes 10,000 K-12 and public visitors annually to MCR research), interviews with the media, participation in public forums and advising government officials (including the Territorial Government of French Polynesia) and NGOs (including Association Te Pu 'Atiti'a on Moorea composed of local educators). The project will enhance infrastructure for research and education. More broadly, this project will benefit society by increasing understanding of how human activities alter the resilience and functioning of coral reefs on which humans depend.

珊瑚礁具有巨大的生态、经济和文化价值，但受到自然干扰和人类活动的威胁，包括那些引起全球范围变化的活动。在世界范围内，珊瑚正越来越多地被大型藻类或非珊瑚无脊椎动物所取代。法属波利尼西亚莫雷亚的珊瑚礁提供了一个理想的模式系统，以了解调节生态复原力的因素，并发展在未来海水变暖和海洋酸化的海洋中预测珊瑚礁的组成和功能的能力。莫雷亚珊瑚礁LTER成立于2004年，其首要目标是对海洋珊瑚礁生态系统的动态和功能有一个预测性的了解。MCR科学通过长期的观察、实验和建模实现了这一目标。时间序列数据揭示了用于生成假说的社区结构的变化，这些假说通过包括长期实验在内的面向过程的研究进行了检验。对实证研究进行了综合和建模，以获得对莫雷亚珊瑚礁对环境条件变化的反应的新见解，寻找生态共性，并推进生态学理论。该项目还将支持一些更广泛的影响，包括：(1)K-12的教学、培训和学习，(2)创造性地向更广泛的公众传播结果，(3)向政府机构和非政府组织提供咨询，(4)培训下一代科学家，他们为全球范围内的跨学科研究做好更好的准备，以及(5)提供丰富的数据清单，支持世界各地的珊瑚礁比较和综合研究。生态复原力在MCR III中提供了一个统一的原则，其中研究人员将探索社区和生态系统对脉冲干扰(气旋、漂白)、人为引起的压力扰动(养分污染、捕鱼)和缓慢变化的驱动因素(全球气候变化、海洋酸化)的反应。该项目将通过探讨2007-2010年社区对脉冲扰动的反应在空间上不同的模式的原因和后果，扩大对复原力的关注。MCR时间序列揭示了前礁和泻湖之间的群落动态和弹性的对比；受干扰的前礁正在重新组装成与扰动前发现的珊瑚群落非常相似的群落(尽管返还速率具有空间变异性)，而一些泻湖礁石已经从珊瑚过渡到大型藻类。此外，研究人员将估计不同的群落状态如何影响关键的生态系统速率过程(初级生产总值、呼吸作用、净钙化)。了解对这些过程的控制将有助于洞察它们在未来更温暖、pH更低的海洋中可能会发生什么变化。为了预测未来珊瑚礁的群落组成，研究小组将探索珊瑚的特征，这些特征可能会使一些分类群在未来的条件下获胜，而另一些则会成为输家。智力上的优势来自于对珊瑚礁如何在多个空间、时间和生物尺度上对相互作用的环境变化做出更具预测性的理解，以及这些反应如何改变关键生态系统服务的提供。MCR将通过为K-12教师制定专业发展计划来扩大其校园LTER，继续在Moorea吸引K-12教师参与研究，并为MCR儿童-S一书(库佩与珊瑚)开发课程以服务于不同的学生受众。MCR的学校将加强与南加州服务不足的学校的接触，包括为参加加州大学圣巴巴拉分校MCR项目的学生和教师支付交通费和代课教师费用。MCR团队将继续培训不同的本科生，并作为研究生和博士后培训的资源。这项研究的成果将通过出版物继续为科学界和更广泛的公众做出贡献，通过加州大学圣巴巴拉分校和加州州立大学北岭分校的外联计划(例如，加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的研究体验和教育设施，每年向10,000名K-12和公众访问者展示MCR研究)，接受媒体采访，参与公共论坛，并为政府官员(包括法属波利尼西亚领土政府)和非政府组织(包括由当地教育工作者组成的Te Pu‘Atiti’a Association On Moorea)提供建议。该项目将加强研究和教育的基础设施。更广泛地说，该项目将通过增加对人类活动如何改变人类赖以生存的珊瑚礁的弹性和功能的了解，使社会受益。

项目成果

Coral Reef Monitoring by Scuba Divers Using Underwater Photogrammetry and Geodetic Surveying

• DOI: 10.3390/rs12183036
• 发表时间: 2020-09
• 期刊: Remote. Sens.
• 作者: E. Nocerino;F. Menna;A. Gruen;M. Troyer;A. Capra;C. Castagnetti;P. Rossi;A. Brooks;R. Schmitt;S. Holbrook

Heat accumulation on coral reefs mitigated by internal waves

• DOI: 10.1038/s41561-019-0486-4
• 发表时间: 2019-11
• 期刊: Nature Geoscience
• 影响因子: 18.3
• 作者: A. Wyatt;J. Leichter;L. Toth;T. Miyajima;R. Aronson;T. Nagata

Complex interactions with nutrients and sediment alter the effects of predation on a reef‐building coral

与营养物质和沉积物的复杂相互作用改变了对珊瑚礁的捕食影响——建造珊瑚

• DOI: 10.1111/maec.12670
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Marine Ecology
• 作者: Rice, Mallory M.;Baldwin, Daniel G.;Fischer, Janine N.;Fuchs, Corinne;Burkepile, Deron E.
• 通讯作者: Burkepile, Deron E.

Coral Bleaching Phenotypes Associated With Differential Abundances of Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses

与核胞质大 DNA 病毒丰度差异相关的珊瑚白化表型

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.555474
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Messyasz, Adriana;Rosales, Stephanie M.;Mueller, Ryan S.;Sawyer, Teresa;Correa, Adrienne M.;Thurber, Andrew R.;Vega Thurber, Rebecca
• 通讯作者: Vega Thurber, Rebecca

Latitudinal variation in growth and survival of juvenile corals in the West and South Pacific

西太平洋和南太平洋幼珊瑚生长和生存的纬度变化

• DOI: 10.1007/s00338-021-02169-9
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Coral Reefs
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Nozawa, Yoko;Villanueva, Ronald D.;Munasik, Munasik;Roeroe, Kakaskasen Andreas;Mezaki, Takuma;Kawai, Takashi;Guest, James;Arakaki, Seiji;Suzuki, Go;Tanangonan, Jean J.
• 通讯作者: Tanangonan, Jean J.