CRISP Type 2/Collaborative Research: Harnessing Interdependency for Resilience: Creating an "Energy Sponge" with Cloud Electric Vehicle Sharing

运行多个相互依赖的基础设施系统经常被批评为对我们现代社会的弹性构成威胁。然而，通过智能系统设计，可以创建一个相互依赖的跨系统接口来缓冲局部干扰并解耦系统间操作。这种“海绵服务”通过为所有相关组件保留备份资源，以及将特定于系统的独占资源转换为与系统无关的可共享资源，增强了系统的弹性。由于近年来电动汽车的快速普及，本研究旨在实现基于电动汽车共享云的海绵服务概念。通过安排电动汽车车队，以一种“智能”的方式提供可互换的机动性和能源，将研究交通和电力系统之间潜在接口的几个方面。本研究将检验假设，产生知识，并为这种新型能源海绵服务创建系统设计和管理方法，该服务可以在运输和电力系统中动态存储和传输能量，以稳定两个系统的运行。由于它对能源和交通部门的变革性增强，它将产生重大的社会影响，成为传统交通和电力行业开始范式转变的第一张多米诺骨牌。这种转变可能会给旅行者和电力供应商带来重要的行为改变。此外，这项研究将开发新的教育模块和传播策略，以激励后代和专业人士对建筑环境的愿景，既高效又有弹性。总体而言，本研究的结果有望有利于基础设施系统的规划和运营实践，同时加速社会的长期可持续性和繁荣。研究目标是对这种能源海绵服务进行建模、测试和验证，该服务利用电动汽车驱动的电力和交通系统之间的相互依赖性来提高弹性。该项目将在利用相互依赖来增强系统弹性和“能源海绵”系统的技术方面取得最新进展，并在四个相互关联的方面：(i)为拟议的电动汽车云建立一个具有社会意识的规划框架，该框架将车辆共享和V2G功能集成在一起，以提供弹性和经济的能源海绵服务；㈡开发综合网络物理信息平台，利用大规模经验数据实时预测与时空相关的需求趋势和波动；（iii）分析两个系统需求波动之间的相互作用，研究电动汽车云运营策略以增强系统间弹性；（iv）通过集成所有这些系统的动态并吸收来自多个来源（包括基于实验室的实验经济学）的经验数据的定制模拟器测试平台，验证拟议的电动汽车云的可行性和优势。

Operating multiple interdependent infrastructure systems is often criticized as posing threats to the resilience of our modern society. However, with a smart system design, it is possible to create a reciprocal, interdependent cross-system interface to cushion local disturbances and decouple inter-system operations. This "sponge service" enhances system resilience by reserving backup resources for all the associated components, and by converting system-specific exclusive resources into system-indifferent, sharable resources. Motivated by the rapidly increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EV) in recent years, this research aims to materialize the sponge service concept based on an EV-sharing cloud. Several aspects of a potential interface between transportation and power systems will be studied by arranging EV fleets in a way that provides interchangeable mobility and energy in a "smart" way. This research will examine hypotheses, generate knowledge, and create a system design and management methodology for such novel energy sponge service, which can dynamically store and transmit energy across transportation and power systems to stabilize operations in both systems. It would have a significant societal impact due to its transformative enhancement of both the energy and transportation sectors, serving as the first domino to start a paradigm shift in the realm of traditional mobility and electricity industry. This shift could drive important behavioral change for both travelers and power providers. In addition, this research will develop novel educational modules and dissemination strategies to inspire future generations and professionals with a vision of building environments that are at once efficient and resilient. Overall, the outcomes from this research are expected to benefit infrastructure system planning and operations practices, meanwhile accelerating society towards long-term sustainability and prosperity.The research objective is to model, test, and validate this energy sponge service that leverages EV-enabled interdependency between power and transportation systems into improved resilience. The project will advance the state of the art in harnessing interdependency to enhance system resilience and enable technology for "energy sponge" systems in four interrelated ways: (i) establishing a socially-aware planning framework for the proposed EV cloud that integrates both vehicle sharing and V2G functions to provide a resilient and economic energy sponge service; (ii) develop an integrated cyber-physical information platform that utilizes large-scale empirical data to predict spatiotemporally-correlated demand trends and fluctuations in real time; (iii) analyze the interactions between demand fluctuations in these two systems and investigate EV cloud operation strategies to enhance inter-system resilience; and (iv) validate the viability and benefits of the proposed EV cloud with a customized emulator test bed integrating the dynamics of all these systems and assimilating empirical data from multiple sources, including lab-based experimental economics.