Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: The Impact Of Agriculture On Social Complexity
博士论文改进奖:农业对社会复杂性的影响
基本信息
- 批准号:1640364
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 1.15万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2016
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2016-07-01 至 2017-06-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Under the supervision of Dr. Robert Jeske, Mr. Richard Edwards will investigate the relationship between subsistence strategies and the development of cultural complexity among early agricultural populations. Traditional literature suggests a close relationship between the development of agriculture with stratified social systems and cultural institutions. Archaeology is well suited to investigate this question by examining prehistoric societies that seem to have taken more egalitarian approaches. The deep historical view of archaeology allows researchers to understand the long-term trajectory of changes in subsistence strategies. Within this broad framework, this project provides concrete benefits for archaeologists, students, and the public. This project will help to understand the effects of changing subsistence strategies during a time of environmental change - the shift from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age. The additional knowledge about the effects of climate change on subsistence and societies will prove beneficial to science in general. This analysis will not require the destruction of human remains, reducing tension between archaeologists and Native Americans. A publicly available online database will include raw data, facilitating future research by other scholars. Finally, this project provides educational opportunities for other graduate and undergraduate students at multiple universities during the data-collection and reporting phasesThe researchers will investigate the role of maize (corn) agriculture and the development of social/political complexity in the Eastern US and Canada from AD1000-1600. As people increased the use of maize in their diet at this time, a variety of transformations in other cultural institutions occurred. Middle Mississippian groups in the southern parts of the region saw a significant rise in social and political stratification. However, Oneota groups near the Great Lakes maintained remarkably egalitarian social structures. Crucially, archaeologists do not know how maize utilization varied between Middle Mississippian and Oneota populations. Traditional subsistence analyses can identify important crops, but cannot accurately measure the relative importance of one food source to another. Isotopic analysis of bones can accurately determine the proportion of maize to other foods eaten by an individual. Unfortunately, these analyses are destructive, and few have been undertaken on human remains in the region. Current data suggest that Oneota and Middle Mississippian groups may have consumed roughly equal amounts of maize but with significant regional variation. This study uses isotopes to understand the dietary makeup of Oneota groups in Wisconsin. To avoid destroying human bone, this project uses the Canine Surrogacy Approach. CSA is premised on the idea that dogs can act a proxy for humans. Dogs often eat human food and feces, and therefore have similar isotopic signatures to their owners. This project will test all dogs recovered from Oneota sites in Wisconsin and Illinois to determine the relative importance of maize agriculture to hunting and fishing. Combined with other datasets, this analysis will contextualize the role of subsistence practices with the social and political systems used by Oneota groups relative to their neighbors during a time of shifting climate.
在Robert Jeske博士的指导下,Richard Edwards先生将研究早期农业人口的生存策略与文化复杂性发展之间的关系。传统文献表明,农业的发展与分层的社会制度和文化机构之间有着密切的关系。考古学非常适合通过考察似乎采取了更平等主义方法的史前社会来研究这个问题。考古学的深刻历史观使研究人员能够了解生存策略变化的长期轨迹。在这个广泛的框架内,该项目为考古学家,学生和公众提供了具体的好处。这个项目将有助于了解在环境变化的时期改变生存策略的影响-从中世纪温暖时期到小冰河时期的转变。 关于气候变化对生存和社会影响的额外知识将被证明对整个科学有益。这种分析将不需要破坏人类遗骸,减少考古学家和美洲原住民之间的紧张关系。一个公开的在线数据库将包括原始数据,方便其他学者今后的研究。最后,该项目在数据收集和报告阶段为多所大学的其他研究生和本科生提供了教育机会。研究人员将调查玉米农业的作用以及公元1000 -1600年美国东部和加拿大社会/政治复杂性的发展。 随着人们在饮食中增加玉米的使用,其他文化机构发生了各种各样的转变。在密西西比中部的群体在该地区的南部地区看到了社会和政治阶层的显着上升。然而,五大湖附近的奥内塔人群体保持着明显的平等主义社会结构。至关重要的是,考古学家不知道玉米的利用率在密西西比河中游和Oneota种群之间有何不同。 传统的生计分析可以确定重要的作物,但不能准确衡量一种食物来源对另一种食物来源的相对重要性。骨骼的同位素分析可以准确地确定一个人所吃的玉米与其他食物的比例。不幸的是,这些分析是破坏性的,对该地区的人类遗骸进行的分析很少。目前的数据表明,Oneota和中密西西比州的群体可能消耗了大致相同数量的玉米,但有显着的区域差异。这项研究使用同位素来了解威斯康星州的Oneota群体的饮食构成。为了避免破坏人骨,该项目使用犬代孕方法。CSA认为狗可以代替人类。狗经常吃人类的食物和粪便,因此与它们的主人有相似的同位素特征。该项目将测试从威斯康星州和伊利诺伊州的Oneota地点恢复的所有狗,以确定玉米农业对狩猎和捕鱼的相对重要性。结合其他数据集,这项分析将把生存实践的作用与Oneota群体在气候变化时期相对于其邻居使用的社会和政治制度联系起来。
项目成果
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Robert Jeske的其他文献
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