RAPID: In-situ Zika-vector-climate dynamics in a high burden region in Ecuador

这一快速奖励将使研究人员能够确定寨卡病毒和登革热病毒在人类和蚊子中的共同感染情况，影响疾病传播的家庭气候因素，以及哪些其他种类的蚊子可能传播寨卡病毒。该项目将填补我们对特定人群血液中病原体水平、感染率、寨卡病毒与登革热在人类和蚊子中的混合感染以及其他哪些蚊子能够传播寨卡病毒的知识的空白。在厄瓜多尔一项正在进行的蚊媒疾病研究的基础上，这项研究的快速部署将捕捉到寨卡病毒通过幼稚人群的传播。这一结果将提供重要信息，可用于控制寨卡病毒在其他地区的传播，包括美国大陆。这个项目的结果将与寨卡病毒突发公共卫生事件相关，研究人员已经建立了机制，尽可能迅速和广泛地分享有质量保证的临时和最终数据，包括与公共卫生和研究社区。该项目将通过收集以下家庭层面的数据来评估厄瓜多尔寨卡病毒和登革热病毒感染的时空分布：i)用于感染监测、发烧发作和蚊子呈寨卡病毒阳性的家庭监测的抽血；ii)气候数据；以及iii)两周一次的蚊子采集和扩大的寨卡病毒诊断。这些数据，加上政府和个人家庭的蚊子控制干预措施，以及关于社会生态条件的信息，将被纳入当地寨卡病毒传播和蚊子动态的建模。这将允许建立一个框架，在从家庭到整个区域的范围内评估司机和蚊子控制。该项目将识别和比较寨卡病毒和登革热病毒的驱动因素，以揭示寨卡病毒传播的关键因素。

This RAPID award will enable researchers to determine the prevalence of the Zika virus and dengue virus co-infections in humans and mosquitos, household climatic factors affecting disease transmission, and which other species of mosquitos might transmit Zika. This project will fill in gaps to our knowledge about pathogen levels in the blood for a particular part of the human population, infection rates, co-infection between Zika and dengue in both humans and mosquitos, and what other mosquitos are able to transmit Zika. Building on an on-going study of mosquito-borne disease in Ecuador, the rapid deployment of this study will capture the spread of Zika through a naive population. The results will provide important information that can be used to control the spread of Zika in other locales, including the continental US. Results from this project will be relevant to the Zika public health emergency, and the researchers have set in place mechanisms to share quality-assured interim and final data as rapidly and widely as possible, including with public health and research communities.This project will assess the spatiotemporal distribution of Zika and dengue virus infections in humans and mosquitoes in Ecuador by collecting household-level data for the following: i) blood draws for infection monitoring, febrile episodes, and household surveillance where mosquitos are positive for Zika virus, ii) climate data, and iii) biweekly mosquito collections and dengue virus diagnostics expanded for Zika virus. This data, combined with mosquito control interventions by the government and individual households, and information on socio-ecological conditions will be incorporated into modeling of local Zika transmission and mosquito dynamics. This will allow for a framework to assess drivers and mosquito control at scales from households to the entire region. This project will identify and compare drivers for Zika and dengue viruses to reveal key factors in the spread of Zika virus.