Revitalizing Graduate STEM Education

美国国家科学院将对美国研究生教育的现状和有效性进行一项共识研究。该项目将由高等教育和劳动力委员会（BHEW）与科学、工程和公共政策委员会（COSEPUP）合作领导。这项研究将产生自1995年具有开创性的COSEPUP报告“改造科学家和工程师的研究生教育”以来第一份侧重研究生教育的主要综合政策报告。这项研究将为加强研究生教育的质量提供政策和计划建议，使其与国家更紧密地结合起来。美国当前和未来的经济、教育和文化需求，并确保研究生教育能够适应未来几十年国内和全球的挑战。拟议的研究将通过研究研究生教育、STEM劳动力和当今所需技能的变化，建立并扩展先前的研究。美国全球经济。将选出一个专家委员会来审查相关数据，分析研究生教育前景，召开信息会议和多利益相关者焦点小组，制定调查结果和建议，并参与与利益相关者就报告进行的战略对话。调查结果、建议和影响。除了调查1995年COSEPUP研究的影响外，委员会还将考虑以下问题：(1)什么样的学术/实验室/实习经历是必要的，以帮助研究生了解可提供的职业范围，并帮助他们评估自己是否适合感兴趣的职业？(2)如果科学和工程越来越多地是跨学科的，并受到工程、生命科学、社会科学和人文科学等领域融合的影响，研究生教育是否应该进行重组以反映这一趋势？(3)研究生教育的结构变化是否能使学生在不需要一个或多个博士后经历的情况下更好地为就业做好准备？(4)目前在研究生教育中进行的一些最重要、最相关的实验和创新是什么？它们取得了多大的成功？它们在多大程度上可以作为模式，在其他机构中得到更广泛的应用？(5)实施总统建议的机会和障碍是什么？美国科学技术顾问委员会是否应给予所有研究生发展教学技能的机会？具体的研究活动将包括：(1)对自然科学、工程和社会科学的研究生教育进行全面的系统分析，以确定能够更好地满足日益多样化的人口不断变化的教育和职业需求的政策、实践和计划；(2)确定核心原则和策略，以改善研究生教育课程、实习和奖学金经历的一致性，使学生既可以从事学术工作，也可以从事非学术工作；(3)了解研究生教育是否以及如何满足越来越多的美国出生的代表性不足的学生和美国院校的外国学生的需求，以及如何更有效地适应他们不断变化的需求；(4)为标准与工程研究生教育提出一套明确的国家目标，利益相关者可以利用这些目标来指导研究生教育的未来方向。雇主（行业、学术界、政府和非营利组织）以及研究生自己的声音将在研究的所有要素中占据突出地位。拟议研究的结果将告知高等教育界、政策制定者和资助者以证据为基础的战略，这些战略产生了确保STEM企业和国家未来所需的成果。美国的全球竞争力。

The National Academies will conduct a consensus study of the current state and effectiveness of graduate education in the United States. The project will be led by the Board on Higher Education and Workforce (BHEW) in collaboration with the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (COSEPUP). The study will produce the first major comprehensive policy report focused on graduate education since the seminal 1995 COSEPUP report "Reshaping the Graduate Education of Scientists and Engineers". The study will provide policy and programmatic recommendations for strengthening the quality of graduate education to align it more closely with the nation?s current and future economic, educational, and cultural needs and to ensure that graduate education can adapt to the domestic and global challenges over the next decades. The proposed study will build on and extend the earlier study by examining changes in graduate education, the STEM workforce, and skills needed for today?s global economy. A committee of experts will be selected to review the relevant data, analyze the graduate education landscape, convene informational meetings and multi-stakeholder focus groups, develop findings and recommendations, and participate in strategic conversations with stakeholders about the report?s findings, recommendations, and implications. In addition to investigating the impact of the 1995 COSEPUP study, the committee will consider the following questions: (1) What kind of academic/lab/internship experiences are necessary to help graduate students appreciate the range of careers available and to help them evaluate their fit with careers of interest? (2) If science and engineering are increasingly interdisciplinary and influenced by the convergence of fields such as engineering, life sciences, social sciences, and the humanities, should graduate education be restructured to reflect this trend? (3) Can structural changes to graduate education better prepare students for careers without requiring one or more postdoctoral experiences? (4) What are some of the most important and relevant experiments and innovations in graduate education currently underway? How successful have they been, and to what extent can they serve as models to be adapted for broader use in other institutions? (5) What are the opportunities and barriers to implementing recommendations from the President?s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology that all graduate students be given opportunities to develop pedagogical skills?Specific study activities will include (1) conducting an overall systems analysis of graduate education in the natural sciences, engineering, and social sciences to identify policies, practices, and programs that can better meet the changing education and career needs of an increasingly diverse population; (2) identifying core principles and strategies to improve the alignment of graduate education curricula, internships, and fellowship experiences for students who are likely to pursue non-academic as well as academic careers; (3) understanding whether and how graduate education is meeting the needs of increased numbers of U.S.-born underrepresented students as well as foreign students in U.S. institutions, and how their changing needs might be accommodated more effectively; and (4) proposing a clear set of national goals for graduate education in S&E that can be used by stakeholders to guide future directions for graduate education. The voices of employers (industry, academia, government and nonprofits) as well as graduate students themselves will be prominent in all elements of the study. The results of the proposed study will inform the higher education community, policy makers, and funders about evidence-based strategies that produce outcomes needed to ensure the future of the STEM enterprise and the nation?s global competitiveness.