Processes and mechanisms driving virus prevalence, evolutionary potential and emergence from wildlife reservoirs: integrating host and viral traits in a multi-taxa approach across landscapes

驱动病毒流行、进化潜力和野生动物宿主出现的过程和机制：在跨景观的多分类方法中整合宿主和病毒特征

• 批准号: 226351195
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Christian Drosten
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Evolutionsökologie und Naturschutzgenomik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/226351195?language=en
• 关键词: Processes; mechanisms; driving; virus; prevalence

Despite considerable research efforts during recent years, still very little is known about fundamental ecological mechanisms driving virus prevalence, evolutionary potential and emergence from wildlife reservoirs in general. Holistic approaches integrating host and viral traits are required to understand the dynamics and drivers of virus infections. This collaborative, multi-taxa project investigates the impact of anthropogenic habitat disturbance on host community composition, abundance pattern and immune genetic constitution of generalist species and relates the obtained data to local virus prevalence. Our aim is to identify ecological, behavioral and genetic constraints associated with virus evolution under the hypothesis of the dilution effect. We are focusing on three major viral vertebrate host taxa - bats, rodents and marsupials -, as well as on putatively blood-feeding mosquito vectors. Whereas our focus in the first funding period was on taking baseline data and parameter correlations, we will shift in the second period to ecological validation, ecological modeling and network analyses of host-virus systems in order to investigate the development and dynamics of virus mutation hotspots in disturbed landscapes. The central task will be to understand the processes and mechanisms that determine how biodiversity loss and shifts in species abundance of resilient, less sensitive species modulate virus ecology and lead to an increased prevalence and diversification of emerging pathogens within native animal communities.

尽管近年来进行了大量的研究工作，但对推动病毒流行、进化潜力和从野生动物水库中涌现的基本生态机制仍然知之甚少。需要综合宿主和病毒特征的整体方法来了解病毒感染的动态和驱动因素。这个合作的多分类群项目调查了人为生境干扰对通用物种寄主群落组成、丰度格局和免疫遗传结构的影响，并将所获得的数据与当地病毒流行情况联系起来。我们的目的是在稀释效应的假设下识别与病毒进化相关的生态、行为和遗传约束。我们的重点是三种主要的病毒脊椎动物宿主--蝙蝠、啮齿动物和有袋类动物--以及可能以血液为食的蚊子媒介。鉴于我们在第一个资助期的重点是获取基线数据和参数相关性，我们将在第二个资助期转向宿主-病毒系统的生态验证、生态建模和网络分析，以调查受干扰景观中病毒突变热点的发展和动态。中心任务将是了解决定生物多样性丧失和物种丰富度变化的过程和机制如何调节病毒生态，并导致新出现的病原体在本地动物群落中增加流行和多样化。