Processes and mechanisms driving virus prevalence, evolutionary potential and emergence from wildlife reservoirs: integrating host and viral traits in a multi-taxa approach across landscapes

驱动病毒流行、进化潜力和野生动物宿主出现的过程和机制：在跨景观的多分类方法中整合宿主和病毒特征

• 批准号: 226351195
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Christian Drosten
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Evolutionsökologie und Naturschutzgenomik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/226351195?language=en
• 关键词: Processes; mechanisms; driving; virus; prevalence

Despite considerable research efforts during recent years, still very little is known about fundamental ecological mechanisms driving virus prevalence, evolutionary potential and emergence from wildlife reservoirs in general. Holistic approaches integrating host and viral traits are required to understand the dynamics and drivers of virus infections. This collaborative, multi-taxa project investigates the impact of anthropogenic habitat disturbance on host community composition, abundance pattern and immune genetic constitution of generalist species and relates the obtained data to local virus prevalence. Our aim is to identify ecological, behavioral and genetic constraints associated with virus evolution under the hypothesis of the dilution effect. We are focusing on three major viral vertebrate host taxa - bats, rodents and marsupials -, as well as on putatively blood-feeding mosquito vectors. Whereas our focus in the first funding period was on taking baseline data and parameter correlations, we will shift in the second period to ecological validation, ecological modeling and network analyses of host-virus systems in order to investigate the development and dynamics of virus mutation hotspots in disturbed landscapes. The central task will be to understand the processes and mechanisms that determine how biodiversity loss and shifts in species abundance of resilient, less sensitive species modulate virus ecology and lead to an increased prevalence and diversification of emerging pathogens within native animal communities.

尽管近年来进行了大量的研究工作，但人们对驱动病毒流行、进化潜力和从野生动物宿主中出现的基本生态机制仍然知之甚少。需要整合宿主和病毒特征的整体方法来了解病毒感染的动力学和驱动因素。这个合作，多类群项目调查的影响，人为栖息地干扰的主机社区组成，丰富的模式和免疫遗传结构的通才物种，并将获得的数据与当地的病毒流行。我们的目的是确定与稀释效应的假设下的病毒进化的生态，行为和遗传约束。我们专注于三种主要的病毒脊椎动物宿主分类群-蝙蝠，啮齿动物和有袋动物-以及蛹吸血蚊子载体。虽然我们在第一个资助期的重点是采取基线数据和参数相关性，我们将在第二个阶段转移到宿主病毒系统的生态验证，生态建模和网络分析，以调查病毒突变热点的发展和动态干扰景观。中心任务将是了解决定生物多样性丧失和物种丰富度变化的过程和机制，这些变化是如何适应的，不太敏感的物种调节病毒生态，并导致本土动物群落中新出现的病原体的流行和多样化。