EAGER: Using the ORCID ID and Emergence Scoring to Study Frontier Researchers

这个项目考察了开放研究人员和贡献者ID(ORCID)作为识别期刊文章作者的方法的有用性，以及作为检测这些作者研究的新兴科学主题的基础。科学作品的作者可以使用非标准的方式在期刊文章和其他出版物中报告他们的名字和从属关系，改变他们的职业生涯的从属关系，或者使用与其他作者相似的名字。这种差异可能会使作者与其出版物和机构附属机构正确匹配变得困难。相对于各种各样的政府或出版商注册方法和机器学习方法来处理这些问题，ORCID凭借其开源方法在跨方法和跨国家扩展方面的潜力脱颖而出。改进确定作者的能力对于研究科学流动性、网络、作者对新科学主题的出现的贡献以及科学和创新政策领域的其他主题至关重要。需要更多地了解ORCID按国家、领域和其他领域覆盖的优势和劣势，才能在科学和创新政策研究中有用。该项目使用两种文献计量学方法来检查ORCID随时间和作者特征的使用情况。首先，该项目使用按学科领域进行的比较抽样，并考虑了ORCID在这些学科领域的国家、组织和引文分布类别中的覆盖范围。其次，该项目调查了ORCID在识别新兴科学驱动技术方面的潜力，方法是将其用于开发基于半自动数字评分系统的涌现指标。涌现指标旨在针对最近出版和/或专利活动急剧增加的主题术语，并在确定的学者的背景下对其进行审查，以潜在地突出研究和开发活动集中在新兴科学和技术领域。由此产生的情报旨在为政府、商业和学术分析提供有用的信息，分析前沿参与者和其他新兴科学技术领域的贡献者。

This project examines the usefulness of the Open Researcher & Contributor ID (ORCID) as a method for identifying journal article authors, and as a basis for detecting emerging scientific topics studied by these authors. Authors of scientific works may use non-standard ways of reporting their names and affiliations in journal articles and other publications, change affiliations over their careers, or have names that are similar to those of other authors. Such variations can make it difficult to correctly match authors with their publications and institutional affiliations. Against an assortment of government or publisher registration methods and machine learning approaches to deal with these problems, ORCID stands out for its potential to extend across methods and nations with its open source approach. Improved capabilities for identifying authors are vital in studying scientific mobility, networks, the contribution of authors to the emergence of new scientific topics, and other subjects in the Science of Science and Innovation Policy domain. More needs to be understood about the strengths and weaknesses in ORCID coverage by country, field, and other areas for it to be useful in Science of Science and Innovation Policy studies.The project uses two bibliometric methods to examine ORCID usage over time and by author characteristics. First, the project uses comparative sampling by disciplinary area, and considers ORCID coverage within country, organization, and citation distribution categories in these disciplinary areas. Second, the project investigates the potential of ORCID in identifying emerging science-driven technologies by employing it in the development of an emergence indicator based on a semi-automated numerical scoring system. The emergence indicator is designed to take topical terms with recent, sharp increases in publication and/or patent activity and examine them in the context of identified scholars to potentially highlight concentrations of research and development activity on emergent fields of science and technology. The resulting intelligence is intended to be useful in informing government, commercial, and academic analyses of leading-edge players and other contributors to rising science and technology domains.