CPS: Synergy: Collaborative Research: DEUS: Distributed, Efficient, Ubiquitous and Secure Data Delivery Using Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

海洋大数据（OBD）是一个新兴的研究领域，有利于海洋环境监测、海上勘探、灾害预防和军事监视。现在，石油和天然气公司、渔业、军队和海洋研究人员都可以负担得起部署物理海底传感器系统，以获得战略优势。然而，这些感知活动是分散的、孤立的，并且通常遵循传统的“部署、等待、检索和后处理”例程。由于在水下传输信息仍然困难且不可靠，这些传感器缺乏网络互连，这严重限制了海洋网络物理系统。该项目旨在提供一个可行的网络互联方案，实现分布式、高效、无处不在和安全（DEUS）的数据传输，从水下传感器到地面站。所提出的网络互连方案具有具有能量收集能力的廉价水下传感器节点、用于信息传递的自主水下航行器（auv）舰队、使用铁氧体材料的先进磁感应（MI）天线设计、通过auv高效收集数据的分布式算法以及安全的数据传输协议。该项目的成功将有助于推动海洋物联网（IoTO）和OBD的前沿，两者都将在海上溢油响应，渔业管理，风暴准备等方面找到大量水下应用，这不仅会影响沿海地区的经济和福祉，也会影响内陆国家。该项目还将通过水下无线通信、网络安全和AUV设计的研究工作和相关课程，为研究生和本科生，特别是女性和少数民族学生提供特殊的跨学科培训机会。DEUS项目提供了一种可行的网络互联方案，通过四个协同推进，可以在水下环境中实现分布式、高效、无处不在和安全的数据传输：(1)水下无线传感器与通信系统集成，增强现有水下传感器的MI和光通信手段，集成声学传输系统，实现锚节点与auv之间的远程通信，设计能量收集和补充解决方案，延长水下传感器的使用寿命（30年以上）；(2)多AUV分布式泛在数据传输，采用铁氧体材料和三轴感应天线，将其安装在AUV体外进行MI增强，收集分布式数据并在水下网络中泛在传输，开发动态网络条件下多AUV的路径规划、轨迹优化等算法；(3)数据传输的效率和安全性，设计网络算法，提高数据传输的效率和安全性。auv不是通过声波通信从每个传感器收集数据，而是选择一些传感器在近场（例如光）以高数据速率传输模式收集数据，并允许远离auv的传感器通过声波直接将数据发送给auv或通过MI/光通信将数据发送给附近选择的传感器。政府亦会制定一套安全的数据传送方案，以确保数据传送不受典型的恶意攻击，并确保所收集数据的完整性，同时容许一个商业实体在不知道其他商业实体的私人商业资料的情况下进行数据聚合；(4)实验验证和测试，将验证所提出的数据传输方案，并通过基于现有设施的模拟、实验和现场测试，定量地展示性能增益。

Ocean Big Data (OBD) is an emerging area of research that benefits ocean environmental monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster prevention, and military surveillance. It is now affordable for oil and gas companies, fishing industry, militaries, and marine researchers to deploy physical undersea sensor systems to obtain strategic advantages. However, these sensing activities are scattered, isolated, and often follow the traditional "deploy, wait, retrieve, and post-process" routine. Since transmitting information underwater remains difficult and unreliable, these sensors lack a cyber interconnection, which severely limits ocean cyber-physical systems. This project aims to providing a viable cyber interconnection scheme that enables distributed, efficient, ubiquitous, and secure (DEUS) data delivery from underwater sensors to the surface station. The proposed cyber interconnection scheme features cheap underwater sensor nodes with energy harvesting capability, a fleet of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for information ferrying, advanced magnetic-induction (MI) antenna design using ferrite material, distributed algorithms for efficient data collection via AUVs, and secure data delivery protocols. The success of this project will help push the frontier of Internet of Things in Oceans (IoTO) and OBD, both of which will find numerous underwater applications in offshore oil spill response, fisheries management, storm preparedness, etc., which impact the economy and well-being of not only coastal regions but also inland states. The project will also provide special interdisciplinary training opportunities for both graduate and undergraduate students, particularly women and minority students, through both research work and related courses on underwater wireless communication, network security, and AUV designs.The DEUS project provides a viable cyber interconnection scheme that enables distributed, efficient, ubiquitous, and secure data delivery in underwater environment via four synergistic thrusts: (1) integration of underwater wireless sensor and communication systems, which will enhance the current MI and light communication means of underwater sensors, integrate acoustic transmission systems for long-range communications between anchor nodes and AUVs, and design energy harvesting and replenishment solutions to prolong the lifetime of underwater sensors (30+ years); (2) distributed and ubiquitous data delivery via multiple AUVs, which aims to collect the distributed data and deliver them ubiquitously throughout the underwater network by employing ferrite material and triaxial induction antennas and mounting them outside of the AUV body for MI enhancement, and developing algorithms of multiple AUVs' path-planning, trajectory optimization, etc. under dynamic network conditions; (3) efficiency and security in data delivery, which designs network algorithms to improve the efficiency and security of data delivery. Instead of collecting data from every sensor via acoustic communications, the AUVs choose some sensors to collect data with the high data rate transmission mode in near field (e.g., light), and allowing the sensor far away from the AUVs to send its data either directly to AUVs via acoustic wave or to its nearby chosen sensors via MI/light communications. A secure data delivery scheme will also be developed to not only secure the data delivery against typical malicious attacks and guarantee the integrity of collected data, but also allow the data aggregation of one business entity without knowing others' private business information; (4) experimental validation and testing, which will verify the proposed data delivery schemes, and quantitatively present the performance gains through simulations, experiments and field test, based on existing facilities.