Meeting: Linking and uniting micro and macroevolution; September, 2016, Santa Barbara, CA

会议：连接和统一微观和宏观进化；

• 批准号: 1649392
• 负责人: Michael Alfaro
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-01 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1649392&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Meeting; Linking; uniting; micro; macroevolution

Evolutionary biologists have identified changes in the rates of speciation and extinction as factors that give rise to the strikingly disparate patterns of species richness across the tree of life. For example, the diversity of the 2000+ species of cichlid fishes is due, in part, to shifts in the rate of speciation within several groups of African and south American lineages, but there are other parts of the tree of life (e.g., coelacanth fishes) that have remained virtually unchanged for millions of years. The success in characterizing the tempo of species diversification reflects the growth of phylogenetic comparative biology over the last twenty years. Despite this success, important questions remain regarding the population-level mechanisms that give rise to unequal speciation and extinction rates. This workshop will bring together biologists with expertise across a range of evolutionary and ecological disciplines to develop new perspectives on how species diversity patterns have evolved across vast temporal and spatial scales. Scientists will synthesize current ideas about how population level processes might scale up to produce species richness patterns and identify new research directions for understanding how speciation, reproductive isolation, and persistence of populations influence biodiversity patterns. New synthesis in this area is necessary to spur the development of new theory that better connects branches of biology that have largely worked independently of one another. The work will provide important insight into understanding past evolution but will also provide tools to understanding the future of life. This proposal will support a workshop focused on identifying the major gaps that exist in our understanding of the microevolutionary processes that underlie biodiversity patterns at phylogenetic scales. The major product of this workshop will be a review that both articulates major questions that need to be answered to advance macroevolutionary study and identifies fruitful avenues forward for answering these questions. This review will help to advance research at the interface of comparative biology, population biology, speciation, metapopulation dynamics, evolved, and paleobiology. Workshop participants will span early, mid- and late career scientists and includes strong representation of female scientists. This proposal will provide training to two graduate students who will assist with the organization of the meeting and the development of the draft manuscript.

进化生物学家已经确定，物种形成和灭绝速度的变化是导致整个生命之树物种丰富度惊人差异模式的因素。例如，2000多种慈鲷鱼的多样性部分是由于非洲和南美洲血统的几个群体内物种形成率的变化，但生命树的其他部分（例如，腔棘鱼），数百万年来几乎没有变化。描述物种多样化克里思的成功反映了过去二十年来系统发育比较生物学的发展。尽管取得了这一成功，但关于导致不平等的物种形成和灭绝率的种群水平机制，仍然存在重要问题。本次研讨会将汇集生物学家的专业知识，在一系列的进化和生态学科，开发新的观点，物种多样性模式如何在巨大的时间和空间尺度演变。科学家们将综合目前关于种群水平过程如何扩大以产生物种丰富度模式的想法，并确定新的研究方向，以了解物种形成，生殖隔离和种群持久性如何影响生物多样性模式。这一领域的新综合对于促进新理论的发展是必要的，新理论可以更好地连接生物学的分支，这些分支在很大程度上是相互独立的。这项工作将为理解过去的进化提供重要的见解，但也将为理解未来的生命提供工具。该提案将支持举办一个讲习班，重点是确定我们对系统发育尺度上生物多样性模式所依据的微进化过程的理解中存在的主要差距。本次研讨会的主要成果将是一个综述，既阐明了需要回答的主要问题，以推进宏观进化研究，并确定了富有成效的途径来回答这些问题。这一综述将有助于推进比较生物学、种群生物学、物种形成、集合种群动力学、进化和古生物学的研究。研讨会的参与者将跨越早期，中期和后期的职业科学家，包括女科学家的强烈代表性。本提案将为两名研究生提供培训，他们将协助组织会议和编写草稿。